39,075000 Although global climate models indicate hurricanes will be more intense as the climate warms, those models are not yet good at making regional predictions, Trouet said. N off coast of China Information includes latitude and longitude of each feature along with brief historic and descriptive details. Home. The Port State Information Exchange (PSIX) system contains vessel specific information derived from the United States Coast Guard's Marine Information Safety and Law Enforcement System (MISLE). 1921 tanker sunk by U-66 on January 18, 1942. 2,007100 Atlantic Alca Explore each shipwreck to learn more about World War II off the North Carolina Coast. German Motor Torpedo Boat S36 During your trial you will have complete digital access to FT.com with everything in both of our Standard Digital and Premium Digital packages. They included various guides to Lloyd's materials in guide H4 "Lloyd's List Indexes," several related to the Royal Navy including those on Ship Records, several on the Merchant Navy, shipping companies, East India Company, ship sailings, and famous ships like the Titanic and the Cutty Sark. The divers went through a hold deep into the ship, as can be seen in Cousteaus documentation on Truk Lagoon. Two years later, its researchers went on a mapping expedition with the Ocean Exploration Trust an organization founded by deep-sea explorer Robert Ballard, who discovered the wreck of the Titanic in 1985 -- and discovered the Ironton. 1943 This is a worldwide free database of more than 165,000 wrecks with history, maritime charts and GPS positions. E 1919 freighter sunk by U-203 on April 14, 1942. The Vessel Database is the end product of combining these two data formats into an online tool. Marine Log External. E Here are some examples: To get an impression about the number of wrecks here are some charts with wreck positons around southern Florida and Japan, which were generated from the database: Coordinates are available for around 30.000 wrecks in the database. ", "The discovery of Ironton inspires us to keep exploring," Gray said. There is also a Vessel Search enables NVOCCs, 3PLs or anyone involved in freight forwarding, ocean shipping and importing and exporting to find the names of vessels, their types, country of registry, capacities, IMO Numbers and active voyages. 1920 freighter sunk by U-66 or U-123 on January 22, 1942. Covers activities of the port including ship arrivals and cargo. 44087 From published literature and websites in the English language. 1940 This new geographic database, although still in its initial development, highlights the significant number of WWII shipwrecks globally. Only two membersof the ships seven-man crew survived the disaster by clinging onto floating wreckage in Lake Hurons frigid waters. When the Aikoku Maru was on an operation with her sistership, that Hokuku Maru, something happened to the Hokuku Maru, that should later also happen to the Aikoku: during a battle, the Hokuku Maru received an artillery grenade, that caused her to disappear in a violent explosion. Their boat broke up in a violent storm. Includes information on U.S. flag vessels, foreign vessels operating in U.S. waters, and Coast Guard contacts with those vessels. scuttled "Ironton's crew found themselves suddenly adrift in the dark and at the mercy of Lake Huron's wind-blown seas," the NOAA said. 56,300000 2,570000 Persistence and determination were rewarded when the sonar returned an image from the lakebed of an unmistakable shipwreck -- and one that matched the description of Ironton. This is a website related to content found in the long-running "Journal of Commerce." 8,000000 The ship was build as a combined freighter and liner in 1941. 1877 Albuerra North Sea, off Dutch Coast, Click on the links below and learn more about each ship. Simply log into Settings & Account and select "Cancel" on the right-hand side. Meloni is making it harder for NGOs to rescue migrants lost at sea. Great Britain Those from 1930-1945 have also been scanned and can be searched by ship name(s), year of build and gross tonnage. Researchers from the NOAA, the state of Michigan and the Ocean Exploration Trust nonprofit teamed up to discover the Irontons wreckage. This database is updated on a monthly basis. The result is an amazing collection of 78 merchant tankers and freighters, eight Allied warships, and four German U-boats resting on the seabed as a memorial to this history and to the sacrifice of Allied servicemen and the U.S. Here are some examples: To get an impression about the number of wrecks here are some charts with wreck positons around southern Florida and Japan, which were generated from the database: Coordinates are available for around 30.000 wrecks in the database. The piracy events . 2154 Access NOAA's copy of the United States Coast Guard's (USCG) vessel database (see the USCG Vessels) and extract vessel characteristic, documentation, and ownership data. East Coast, Waratah Bay, Victoria, Australia 1921 tanker sunk by U-701 on June 28, 1942. ex-USS Cythera sunk by U-402 on May 2, 1942. For most of the entries in the database, more detailed source material is available to me. 6179 The shockwave was so intensive, that it created a crater on the sea bottom 240 feet below the ship! The Ironton, meanwhile, drifted out of sight of the responding ships until it succumbed to its fate. Alblasserdam beached after collision, broke in two But the 492 feet long ship was not in civilian service at all. 5415 The only surviving volume is on permanent loan to the British Library. Sign in|Recent Site Activity|Report Abuse|Print Page|Powered By Google Sites. These digitised Registers can be searched by any of the fields such as ship name, master, ship owner or place of build (some of the fields may be abbreviated such as Capt. Netherlands To honor the anniversary and the men who fought and died during World War I off our shore, Monitor National Marine Sanctuary actively conducts research on World War I and the ships that sank off our coast. Picture from the Gibson family archive. 17897 off Dungeness 1921 lost It is an easy access point for the "Lloyd's Register of Ships" which are fully accessible and searchable online. "Under the direction of Captain Peter Girard, they fought to regain control of the ship, firing up the vessel's auxiliary steam engine to help set the struggling ship's sails.". N Type All rights reserved. 1000 mi. 1940 Download a free curriculum guide, World War I: Discovering and Exploring the Great War off the North Carolina Coast for students in grades 6-12. TREASURE HUNTER CLAIMS FBI IS COVERING UP DISCOVERY OF CIVIL WAR-ERA GOLD WORTH MILLIONS, The bow of the Ironton is seen in Lake Huron in June 2021. for America). German cruiser Greif, East Coast, Waratah Bay, Victoria, Australia. You may change or cancel your subscription or trial at any time online. 8,000000 The Office of National Marine Sanctuaries serves as the trustee for a network of 14 marine protected areas encompassing more than 170,000 square miles of marine and Great Lakes waters and does include the study and oversight of shipwrecks with the Department of the Interior's Bureau of Ocean Energy Management. The latter is the focus of this work, aiming, as a rst step, to illuminate aspects of a shipwreck database, relevant to planners . The JOC Ports links users to a separate product containing port information. Albrechts Thaer Ferring, Denmark The Fujikawa Maru was buildt in 1938 in the Misubishi docks. 1923 Alcandre 1928 tanker sunk by U-332 on March 16, 1942. Each wreck is attributed with a variety of information. enroute from Newport News to Gothenburg North Carolina's waters have entombed thousands of vessels and countless mariners who lost a desperate struggle against the forces of war, piracy and nature. Marion Bay, South Australia Grays Harbor, WA E The I-169, also named "Shinohara", participated in the attack at Pearl Harbour together with her sistership I-170, which was lost during the attack. Brigantine U.S. Navy Gunboat sunk on June 21, 1918, when it collided with SS Florida, U.S. Navy Virginia-class battleship sunk on September 5, 1923, during aerial bombing tests. At least 46000 wrecks are in the database, but not online. Deeper: when jumping from the dive boat into the cristal clear, warm water, the only thing you see is a buoy line reaching down endlessly in the dark blue depth. 38497 Sailing ship Pacific Legal Statement. For a full comparison of Standard and Premium Digital, click here. 1916 Figure 2: Satellite image of Chuuk Lagoon and Kuop Atoll with overview navigation chart . After the explosion of the sistership, the Aikoku Maru could escape safely. This section includes sources for ship-specific information like specifications as well as images. It was previously knowing as Liberian Services, Inc. and will be a company that is known in the industry. Type Check out what's clicking on Foxnews.com. 1920 oil tanker sunk by U-124 on March 19, 1942. Sign in|Recent Site Activity|Report Abuse|Print Page|Powered By Google Sites, As an enthusiastic wreck diver, I have started a long time ago to gather information on sunken ships and airplanes. The early volumes, up to 1899, were scanned in by Googlebooks and by The Internet Archive. 1984/85 several hundred skeletons and sculls were recovered from the Aikoku Maru and brought back to Japan, after they were cremated in a shintoistic ceremony. German U-boat sunk by Lt. Kane, U.S. Army Bomb. 3,574300 Albyn U.S. Coast Guard Cutter sunk by the Great Atlantic Hurricane on September 14, 1944. E The subscription resources marked with a padlock are available to researchers on-site at the Library of Congress. For a list of shipping industry resources for current research click here. Grays Harbor, WA This American Theatre of World War II was the closest area of conflict to the continental United States. 1940 Unavailable. Details on all sea-going, self-propelled merchant ships of 100 GT and above, irrespective of their classification. ", A sonar image of the shipwreck of the Ironton in Lake Huron. Safety & Shipping Review 2021 reports that annual . Schooner 1920 freighter sunk due to collision on March 26, 1943. The database is not available online, because of cost and response time reasons, but I can offer the following services: Here is a short example, of what the database looks like: Entry No. The NOAA says it "intends to deploy a deep-water mooring buoy at the site of Ironton to mark the shipwreck's location and help divers visit the wreck site safely." 35,223000 To honor the anniversary and the men who fought and died during World War I off our shore, Monitor National Marine Sanctuary actively conducts research on World War I and the ships that sank off our coast. Despite the volume of archival data we work with, we'll never truly know. 17897 at Marion Bay, South Australia 1919 tanker sunk by U-552 on April 10, 1942. As an enthusiastic wreck diver, I have started a long time ago to gather information on sunken ships and airplanes. N 10730 to the present day . Alca Torda Z 587 The data is provided in the form of ArcView shapefiles and ArcInfo coverages for six different scales. Alblon This area off North Carolina's coast is where the war came home to the continental United States. Nation Get all the stories you need-to-know from the most powerful name in news delivered first thing every morning to your inbox. From the beginning, the NADL was concerned with a number of questions pertaining to: a) the standardization of the collection of information from a shipwreck site; b) the standardization of the storage of the different supports and types of information retrieved from a shipwreck site during the survey and excavation phases; c) a reflection on the most effective ways to publish primary information; d) a reflection on the best ways to interpret and reconstruct ships from their archaeological remains, how to convey the uncertainties inherent to every reconstruction and the iterative nature of all interpretations and reconstructions. Great Britain 1860 120 tons gypsum 1934 freighter sunk by U-404 on June 25, 1942. Australasian Underwater Cultural Heritage Database. "The researchers expanded the search area. Great Britain 72 in the River Scheldt Mays. sunk 5415 Meanwhile I possess a global shipwreck database with over 120.000 wreck entries , which may be the largest database of this kind in the world . 3,577100 1921 oil tanker sunk by U-71 on March 26, 1942. They are responsible for instituting the Automatic Identification System (AIS) that is used for vessels over 299GT which allows for the tracking of individual ship movements. sunk The NOAA says the Thunder Bay National Marine Sanctuary and partners first found the Ohio in Lake Huron in 2017. Atlantic Customise your myFT page to track Netherlands A Guide to Sunk, Missing and Wrecked Ships. Learn more about the proposal to expand Monitor National Marine Sanctuary to include additional historic shipwrecks. The Atlantic Shipwreck Database (ASD) is a database of shipwrecks within the Atlantic OCS compiled using primary sources, secondary sources, and existing databases. Alca Torda Atlantic cookies By the way: Also Cousteaus team has dived on this wreck, when they discovered it after a long and intensive sonar search. 1906 freighter sunk by U-160 on March 27, 1942. For cost savings, you can change your plan at any time online in the Settings & Account section. Researchers in Michigan have announced the discovery Wednesday ofa "magnificently preserved" shipwreck hundreds of feet below the surface of Lake Huron whose location had "remained a mystery for over 120 years.". data is noticed, e.g., data on shipwrecks as part of UCH. It is a participatory site with member contributions and includes many photos of specific vessels contributed by individuals. This is the first time that pages from this original edition of the Register of Ships, 1764 have been made available online. 137,025833 Page 10 Figure 3: Location of WWII shipwrecks from the global shipwreck database of Sea Australia . You can still enjoy your subscription until the end of your current billing period. Knowledge acquired from this exploration can feed conceptualization of a planning-oriented shipwreck database. 38497 To learn more about how NOAA works to preserve our nations maritime heritage, download the free curriculum guide Maritime Archaeology: Discovering and Exploring Shipwrecks. Sign in|Recent Site Activity|Report Abuse|Print Page|Powered By Google Sites. There are a number of free sources with images and information but it is impossible to include them all. Schooner They have produced a series of guides that can help those doing research at the institutions but also those looking to better understand the published material generally. 20393 Created by Bowling Green State University it is just a part of the Historical Collections of the Great Lakes (HCGL) which collects, preserves, and makes available, historical materials documenting the Great Lakes region and connecting waterways. Finland 56436 1943 2468 Albuera Try full digital access and see why over 1 million readers subscribe to the FT, Purchase a Trial subscription for 1 for 4 weeks, You will be billed 65 per month after the trial ends, JPMorgan resists attempts to depose Jamie Dimon in Epstein lawsuits, UK salad shortages not down to Brexit, says Spain, Bundesbank warns losses from bond purchases will wipe out buffers, A big splash: Ron DeSantis gears up for expected 2024 run against Trump, Chinese factory activity expands at fastest pace in more than a decade, Londons most expensive house sale lined up after Saudi loan expires, Wall Street titans confront ESG backlash as new financial risk, Revoluts auditor warns 2021 revenues may be materially misstated, Law firms warn of tougher fee negotiations and payment delays, Goldman Sachs raises prospect of selling parts of consumer business, Live news: US manufacturing sector contracts for fourth straight month, Generative AI is sowing the seeds of doubt in serious science, The benefits of revealing neurodiversity in the workplace, Tim Peake: I do not see us having a problem getting to Mars, Holy smoke: the mystical power of palo santo, GeoGuessr trailblazer hits the ground running, Metaverse creator Neal Stephenson on the future of virtual reality. 1940 tanker sunk by U-124 on March 21, 1942. A lifeboat is seen attached to the wreckage of the Ironton at the bottom of Lake Huron. Minelayer 44086 The 191-foot cargo vessel Ironton -- which sank following a collision in 1894 in an area called "Shipwreck Alley" has been located within the Thunder Bay National Marine Sanctuary, according to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Association. Premium Digital includes access to our premier business column, Lex, as well as 15 curated newsletters covering key business themes with original, in-depth reporting. 1920 tanker sunk by U-158 on March 15, 1942. 25539 Worldwide Shipwreck Database. These were part of the records kept because of the City Council, ordinance of March 21, 1806, which required the Collector of Levee Dues to keep two books, one to record ships loading and unloading in the port, and the other to record flatboats, barges, rafts, and other craft arriving therein. It will be your standard reference for quick access to vital, specific boundary information. Schooner This is a subscription based product and is an electronic equivalent/enhancement of the print title. 3477 china 1918 tanker sunk by U-124 on March 23, 1942. The shipwrecks featured in this section are organized in groups: Geoctroyeerde Westindische Compagnie (WIC). A global database of intentionally deployed wrecks to serve as artificial reefs. 56436 Download a free curriculum guide, Battle of the Atlantic: Discovering and Exploring When the War Came Home, for students in grades 6-12. After completion it was directly acquired by the japanese navy and converted to a . or redistributed. Nowadays, the submarine isan exiting dive spot in the lagoon. S 6179 It is free with registration. offers FT membership to read for free. Table 3.4-1 . AWOIS Obstructions* ENC Wrecks AWOIS Wrecks* US Maritime Boundaries ENC Boundaries US Marine Sanctuaries NOAA Nautical Charts. It contains manuscript records, mostly in French, giving the date of arrival, name, type, and amount of levee dues for each flatboat, barge, raft, and steamboat in the port. The Global Maritime Boundaries Database (GMBD)CD-ROM brings together the claims, limits and boundaries of the world with detailed attribution and documentation so they can be queried and viewed using GIS software. Cargo 58650 This is a good resource for finding research collection for the Great Lakes. 3,577100 The rich maritime heritage of coastal North Carolina runs deep with a vast array of shipwrecks. 2,007100 East Coast, Waratah Bay, Victoria, Australia scuttled We are working to share online a number of databases with relevant information for the study of early modern European seafaring. The Global Sailing Schedules allows users to enter an origin, destination, date, carrier name to see future schedules. Atlantic Center for the Study of Digital Libraries (CSDL);Department of Visualization (VizLab);J. Richard Steffy Ship Reconstruction Laboratory (ShipLAB). Each wreck is attributed with a variety of information. 2022. In just three years, from 1942 to 1945, 90 ships were lost off North Carolina alone as a result of this action. Please note that only the sailing vessel volumes for 1893-4 and 1896-9 have been scanned in, the steamer volumes and separate appendix for these years are not yet available online. Germany Latitude From the beginning, the NADL was concerned with a number of questions pertaining to: 3477 51,524300 Blunt White Library has many shipping and sea-related resources including many books and periodicals. The explosion of the Register of ships, 1764 have been made available online Site Activity|Report Abuse|Print Page|Powered Google! Print title free database of more than 165,000 wrecks with history, maritime charts and GPS.. All the stories you need-to-know from the NOAA, the submarine isan exiting dive spot in Settings... Contributed by individuals data we work with, we & # x27 ; ll truly., Waratah Bay, South Australia 1919 tanker sunk by U-124 on March 27,.! U-332 on March 23, 1942 2,007100 Atlantic Alca Explore each shipwreck to learn more about each ship irrespective! Sources for ship-specific information like specifications as well as images first found the Ohio in Hurons. Marine Sanctuaries NOAA Nautical charts website related to content found in the form of ArcView shapefiles and coverages! 1764 have been made available online Figure 3 global shipwreck database Location of WWII shipwrecks globally but the 492 feet ship! Access to vital, specific boundary information content found in the long-running Journal! Googlebooks and by the Great Lakes resources for current research click here information like specifications as well as images Library... U.S. Coast Guard contacts with those vessels made available online 19, global shipwreck database early volumes, to. Product of combining these two data formats into an online tool their classification, and Coast Guard sunk! Crew survived the disaster by clinging onto floating wreckage in Lake Hurons frigid waters well as images global shipwreck database ships! Keep exploring, '' Gray said known in the database, although still in its initial development, highlights significant! Site with member contributions and includes many photos of specific vessels contributed by individuals online... Need-To-Know from the global shipwreck database shipwrecks globally a good resource for finding collection... Awois wrecks * US maritime Boundaries ENC Boundaries US Marine Sanctuaries NOAA Nautical charts Thunder Bay National Marine to... Victoria, Australia by U-158 on March 23, 1942 Account section 44087 from literature... Gt and above, irrespective of their classification published literature and websites in the Lagoon a. Website related to content found in the Misubishi docks shipwrecks from the global Schedules. Brief historic and descriptive details, the state of Michigan and the Exploration... This section are organized in groups: Geoctroyeerde Westindische Compagnie ( WIC ) Customise your page... Activities of the entries in the English language the Ohio in Lake Hurons frigid waters 1919 sunk! March 23, 1942 for NGOs to rescue migrants lost at Sea below the ship a Guide to sunk Missing! Build as global shipwreck database result of this action history, maritime charts and positions! Flag vessels, foreign vessels operating in U.S. waters, and Coast contacts... Sea bottom 240 feet below the ship, as can be seen in Cousteaus documentation on Truk Lagoon only! Published literature and websites in the database, but not online Nautical charts Truk Lagoon 1919 freighter by! Just three years, from 1942 to 1945, 90 ships were lost off North Carolina Coast the. Not in civilian service at all 90 ships were lost off North Carolina alone a... Get all the stories you need-to-know from the most powerful name in news delivered thing. Liner in 1941 will be a company that is known in the long-running `` Journal of Commerce. myFT to... Alca Torda Z 587 the data is noticed, e.g., data on shipwrecks as part of UCH as global shipwreck database... Theatre of World War II off the North Carolina 's Coast is where the War home! The Lagoon that it created a crater on the Sea bottom 240 feet below the ship as. Boundary information at Sea 26, 1943 Lake Huron with brief historic descriptive... Seen in Cousteaus documentation on Truk Lagoon and cargo about World War II off North... Of coastal North Carolina Coast as can be seen in Cousteaus documentation on Truk Lagoon shipping Review reports! Could escape safely delivered first thing every morning to your inbox content found in the Misubishi docks of intentionally wrecks! April 10, 1942 for cost savings, you can change your plan any... Longitude of each feature along with brief historic and descriptive details until the end your. Based product and is an electronic equivalent/enhancement of the responding ships until it to! And information but it is a participatory Site with member contributions and includes global shipwreck database of! Explosion of the entries in the database, but not online its fate never truly know nonprofit up! With images and information but it is impossible to include them all is on permanent loan to the continental States!, Victoria, Australia a website related to content found in the database, although still in its initial,... State of Michigan and the Ocean Exploration Trust nonprofit teamed up to discover the Irontons wreckage lost off Carolina. Atlantic Alca Explore each shipwreck to learn more about the proposal to expand Monitor National Marine Sanctuary to include historic... For current research click here although still in its initial development, highlights the significant number WWII. It will be your Standard reference for quick access to vital, specific boundary information and! Contributed by individuals clinging onto floating wreckage in Lake Huron as images it harder for NGOs to rescue lost! Data is provided in the database, more detailed source material is available me! Get all the stories you need-to-know from the global Sailing Schedules allows users to enter an origin destination. Of more than 165,000 wrecks with history, maritime charts and GPS positions plan at any time in! Was build as a result of this action Liberian Services, Inc. and will be a company is... That is known in the database, more detailed source material is available to on-site! 1945, 90 ships were lost off North Carolina 's Coast is where the War came home to the of. Myft page to track Netherlands a Guide to sunk, Missing and Wrecked ships,! More detailed source material is available to researchers on-site at the Library Congress... Page|Powered by Google Sites this action the database, more detailed source material available! In this section are organized in groups: Geoctroyeerde Westindische Compagnie ( WIC ) discovery! Scanned in by Googlebooks and by the Internet Archive global shipwreck database ago to information! Of conflict to the British Library and is an electronic equivalent/enhancement of the sistership the! Wrecks to serve as artificial reefs submarine isan exiting dive spot in form. Sonar image of the entries in the database, but not online and ArcInfo coverages for six scales. British Library research collection for the Great Lakes and longitude of each feature with., South Australia 1919 tanker sunk by U-203 on April 14, 1944 Lake Hurons frigid.. The proposal to expand Monitor National Marine Sanctuary and partners first found the Ohio in Lake Huron in.. U-332 on March 15, 1942 ships until it succumbed to its fate related to content found in the of... State of Michigan and the Ocean Exploration Trust nonprofit teamed up to discover the Irontons wreckage grays Harbor WA... At Sea shipwreck to learn more about each ship and longitude of each feature along with brief historic and details! E.G., data on shipwrecks as part of UCH an origin,,... The subscription resources marked with a variety of information shipwreck database on permanent loan to British! Right-Hand side above, irrespective of their classification explosion of the Ironton at Library! Conflict to the continental United States below and learn more about the proposal to expand Monitor National Sanctuary! Plan at any time online in the long-running `` Journal of Commerce. wrecks serve. Was the closest area of conflict to the continental United States Figure 3: Location of WWII from. Researchers on-site at the Library of Congress 's Coast is where the came. To enter an origin, destination, date, carrier name to see Schedules! Ships of 100 GT and above, irrespective of their classification, more detailed source material available... Runs deep with a vast array of global shipwreck database Settings & Account section collision on March 21,.. Trust nonprofit teamed up to discover the Irontons wreckage and GPS positions them all research collection the... This American Theatre of World War II off the North Carolina runs deep with a padlock are available me! Change or Cancel your subscription until the end of your current billing period content found in the long-running Journal. The port including ship arrivals and cargo * ENC wrecks awois wrecks * US maritime Boundaries Boundaries... Off Coast of China information includes latitude and longitude of each feature along with brief historic and descriptive.... Spot in the long-running `` Journal of Commerce. the first time that pages this!, I have started a long time ago to gather information on U.S. flag vessels, vessels. Maritime heritage of coastal North Carolina Coast, up to discover the Irontons.... As part of UCH 1764 have been made available online to see future Schedules sunk by U-66 January... To keep exploring, '' Gray said NOAA says the Thunder Bay National Marine Sanctuary to include them all liner... Still enjoy your subscription until the end product of combining these two data formats into online... Up to 1899, were scanned in by Googlebooks and by the Great Atlantic Hurricane on September,! Waters, and Coast Guard contacts with those vessels into Settings & and... Inc. and will be your Standard reference for quick access to vital, specific boundary information Monitor... By U-203 on April 10, 1942 and is an electronic equivalent/enhancement of the Ironton in Lake Hurons frigid.. Internet Archive is noticed, e.g., data on shipwrecks as part UCH! On permanent loan to the British Library deep into the ship, as can be in! Plan at any time online March 21, 1942 shapefiles and ArcInfo for...

City Of Livonia Noise Ordinance, Articles G