Now that youre armed with the molar mass of the substance, you can calculate the quantity in moles using the total mass in grams. Maybe an example would explain it best. How many moles of Acetic Acid \( (HC_{2}H_{3}O_{2}) \) in a 5.0 g sample of pure Acetic Acid? However, most chemical equations are written in terms of moles so that the number of atoms of each type balances out on both sides of the equation. Need some help calculating the equilibrium constant of reversible chemical reactions? Calculate the number of moles and formula units in 55.3 g of lithium perchlorate. Advertisement cookies are used to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns. Direct link to RogerP's post What you suggest is fine , Posted 7 years ago. An eastern mole weights about mmole75gm_{\text{mole}}75\ \text{g}mmole75g (think of a big egg). Enter the molecular formula of the substance. This molarity calculator is a tool for converting the mass concentration of any solution to molar concentration (or recalculating grams per ml to moles). I understood what molarity is quite wellbut what is normality, formality and molarity? Normal range for erythrocytes in blood in an adult male, Hydronium and hydroxide ions in pure water at 25 C, Upper bound for healthy blood glucose 2 hours after eating, Helium in the solar core (150 g/cm * 65%). To work it out, find the atomic or molecular mass of your substance and multiply it by the number of moles you have. Check how moles are relevant for solutions with our molarity calculator! Advertisement cookies are used to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns. That number is known as Avogadro's constant. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. What do we need to calculate the mass of a mole of moles? Then we consider the number of moles of each element relative to each other, converting these numbers into a whole-number ratio that can be used to derive the empirical formula of the substance. Calculate the number of moles of that compound in the tablet. Molecules and atoms are the defining elements of every substance. We know we have 10 g of HCl, which has a molecular weight of 36.5 g/mol. Water has a molarity of 55.5 M. 1 liter of water weighs 1000 g, and, as molarity is the number of moles per liter; finding the molarity of water is the same as finding the number of moles of water in 1000 g. We therefore divide the weight by the molar mass to get moles, 1000 / 18.02 = 55.5 M. Molarity is a helpful measure to use when discussing concentration. The concentration = the number of moles / the volume What is the Molarity Formula? $$ = 2 * 56 $$ How to get best deals on Black Friday? Learn how to calculate titrations in the titration calculator. atoms, molecules etc. Using moles in chemical equations shows exactly how the reactants transform to make the products. The formula used to convert moles to grams is: m = n M Thus the mass m of substance in grams is equal to the quantity n in moles multiplied by the molar mass M of the substance in g/mol. The following equation can be used to convert moles into molecules. Bonus: how much does a mole of moles weight? For example, lets calculate the quantity in moles equal to 120 grams of aluminum oxide, Al2O3. Consider as an example a substance called oxytocin. Molar mass is the mass of 1 mole of the solute. n = 40g/58.443 g mol -1. n = 0.68 moles. The cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the category "Functional". $$ \text{Number of Moles} = \frac{Mass}{\text{Molar Mass}}$$ Solution: We have the compound KOH and m = 50g. The formula to calculate the moles from grams is: n = \frac {m} {m_ {\text {mol}}} n = mmolm Where we can identify: n n The number of moles, both of molecules and atoms; m m The mass of the substance, in grams; and m_ {\text {mol}} mmol We need to look at the periodic table in order to calculate the moles and know that 1 mole of C weighs 12.0 g and 1 mole of H weighs 1.0 g. Thus, 1 mole of C2H2 weighs 26 grams (2 12 grams + 2 1 gram). The first step to finding the amount of moles of substance is to determine the molar mass of the chemical formula. Mass / volume = molarity * molar mass, after that mass / (volume * molar mass) = molarity. The corresponding numbers of moles are: 0.336 g H / 1.008 (g/mol) H = 0.3333 mol H. If we now divide the found numbers of moles by the minimum value of 0.1665 and round to whole values, then we get the following indices for the empirical formula: 1, 2, 1. The mole is important because it allows chemists to work with the subatomic world with macro world units and amounts. For example, carbon-12 has a molar mass: Of course, this value gets approximated to 121212. The mole is the SI unit of measurement for the amount of a substance. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. You can also calculate the mass of a substance needed to achieve a desired molarity. Complete this table by providing the missing name or formulas. Direct link to Rachel Silverman's post in hint one how do you kn, Posted 7 years ago. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. how do you find the volume when given the mass and M value, We know that the formula to calculate the molarity of a substance is. After rounding this result to a whole number we have n = 6, and obtain the molecular formula of glucose: C6H12O6. To do this, we need to calculate the mass of beryllium sulfide using the formula: Moles = Mass (g) x Volume (L) In this case, we need to know the mass of beryllium sulfide (0.045 g) and the volume of beryllium sulfide (0.10 L). To convert between moles and grams, multiply moles by the molar mass to get grams, or divide grams by the molar mass to get moles. Did you know that the human body is approximately. This same result we can get in no time simply plugging the masses of the elements into our Molecular Formula Calculator. But wait, what actually is a mole? Moles allow you to directly read weight from the periodic table (e.g., 1 mole of N is 28 g or 1 mole of NaCl is 58.5 g). The molecular formula should be distinguished from the empirical formula. One example of a mixture is the human body. Example: 35 ml of 1.25 M HCl acid is needed to titrate a 25 ml solution of NaOH. How to calculate molecular weight of a compound? 7.34a). The formula for molarity is simply a conversion of the above expressions. However, no need to worry because we have got your back with our Molar Mass Calculator that does particular conversions. This number is called Avogadros Number or Avogadros Constant and is named after an Italian scientist Amedeo Avogadro. The mass of one mole of 12C is 12.00 grams exactly, whereas the mass of one mole of 13C is 13.00335483521(23) grams. It is the intrinsic property of an element and is based on its Atomic Mass that is further based on the number of protons and neutrons in that element. 87 10 - 6 atm Calculate the number of molecules of Hg atoms per cubic centimeter in the "empty space"above the top of the mercury column I the barometer at 27 o C .gas under the given conditions of pressure, temperature and volume. Short Answer. In many older books or articles, you can find different units of molar solutions moles per liter (mol/l). The amount of substance is the number of moles in the sample. Select Mass from the drop down menu titled Calculate. Happily, we can reuse the Molar mass of the substance calculator for this. This molarity calculator is a tool for converting the mass concentration of any solution to molar concentration (or recalculating grams per ml to moles). This relationship between liters and moles holds true at standard temperature and pressure (STP) since both temperature and pressure affect the volume of a gas. It is possible to recalculate from molarity to molality and vice versa. 7 10 13 a t o m s. If the substance is an element then the output of this calculator will also contain the number of atoms of that element hence, it acts as a grams to atoms calculator as well. The mathematical expression used for calculating moles is as follows: $$ \text{Number of Moles} = \frac{\text{Mass In Grams}}{\text{Molar Mass}}$$. These cookies track visitors across websites and collect information to provide customized ads. By using the formula, M = n/v. Concentration is one of the most well known and most important parameters for anybody who works with any chemical substances or reactions. According to the newest conventions (effective as of the 20th May 2019), the mole definition is that a mole is the amount of a chemical substance that contains exactly 6.02214076 1023 particles, such as atoms, molecules, ions etc. The word "substance" in the definition should specify (be replaced with the name of) the substance concerned in a particular application, e.g., the amount of chloride (HCl) or the amount of carbon dioxide (CO). This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Where C is concentration, V is volume, 1 is either the acid or base, and 2 is the opposite. The process for converting the volume of an ideal gas to moles is a little different than for mass. Molar Mass of a compound is simply a proportionate sum of the molecular weights of its constituent elements. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. Mass of 1 mole of \( CaCO_{3}\): The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Performance". Indices should be entered as normal numbers after the appropriate elements or groups, e.g. When you look around, even if you're sitting at home, you will notice many different objects. Due to their extremely small sizes, atoms, molecules and formula units are usually very difficult to work with. Convert grams to moles. Following is the basic mathematical formula which is being used in this online tool to calculate number of moles of a substance: $$ Number of Moles = \frac{\text{Mass of Substance}}{\text{Molar Mass}} $$. Performance cookies are used to understand and analyze the key performance indexes of the website which helps in delivering a better user experience for the visitors. At least two phases are always present in the mixture, and it's usually possible to physically separate them. Parentheses ( ), square brackets [ ] and braces (curly brackets) { } can be used in the formulas. These coefficients also have the ratio 2:1:2 (check it and see), so this equation is balanced. Chemists rarely make a gram of a substance react with a gram of another, hoping that this would give them some reference: a gram of mercury contains far fewer atoms than a gram of hydrogen. Results of these problems can be verified using our mole calculator. [2] 3 Mixtures consist of a collection of different compounds. The symbols of chemical elements should be entered using the upper case for the first character and the lower case for the second character (if any). $$ = \text{number of moles} * \text{molar mass} $$ Practice Exercise 3.10 I can convert grams to moles How many moles of sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO 3) are in 508 g of NaHCO 3? The cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Necessary". The majority of these materials are not pure. This conversion can also be done using our grams to moles calculator. To dilute a solution of known molarity, please use the Solution Dilution Calculator. The molarity calculator equation The Tocris molarity calculator is based on the following equation: Mass (g) = Concentration (mol/L) x Volume (L) x Molecular Weight (g/mol) An example of a molarity calculation using the Tocris molarity calculator Now, you want the resulting solution to be perfectly neutral, so you don't want to add too much or too little NaOH, making it too basic or acidic respectively. Assuming that you do not know the amount of SO2 that was dissolved to prepare the solution, you may try to invoke Henry's Law and determine the concentration of SO2 in the headspace (just above) of the solution. It is expressed in grams per mole. $$ = 100 g $$, Mass of 0.5 moles of \( CaCO_{3}\): Molarity Equation. For example, suppose we have the balanced chemical equation: 2Al + 3Cl 2 2AlCl 3. You can enter a formula manually or paste the formula copied from a web page or text document (including DOC or PDF file). Mixtures with uniform composition are called, Mixtures with non-uniform composition are, The chemical in the mixture that is present in the largest amount is called the, In real life, we often encounter substances that are mixtures of different elements and compounds. $$ \text{Molar Mass} = \frac{292.2}{5} $$ The formula i. Our answer will be 4.3 . A sample of a substance contains 2 g of carbon, 0.336 g of hydrogen and 2.67 g of oxygen. STRATEGY. Then, multiply the molarity of the acid by the volume of the acid 1.25 * 35 = 43.75 and the result, by the volume of the base. For example, let's calculate the mass of 2 moles of table salt, sodium chloride or NaCl. Its symbol is NA or L. Using the Avogadro number provides a convenient way of considering the weight of substance and the theoretical yield of chemical reactions. Ques. Similar operation can be performed using our moles to grams calculator. While we're on the topic of chemistry, we have several other calculators that you might find useful. This helps to easily work with their amounts. We know the molar masses of these elements: C - 12.011 g/mol, H - 1.008 g/mol, O - 16 g/mol. Using moles to calculate empirical formula and deduce molecular formula of a compound/molecule (starting with reacting masses or % composition) Moles and the molar volume of a gas, Avogadro's Law; Reacting gas volume ratios, Avogadro's Law and Gay-Lussac's Law (ratio of gaseous reactants-products) . The beach is also surrounded by houses from a small town. $$ = \frac {13.5}{27} = 0.5 Moles $$, Calculate the number of moles of magnesium oxide, MgO in It will calculate the total mass along with the elemental composition and mass of each element in the compound. and it contains \(6.02214076 * 10^{23}\) number of particles, whereas this number (\(6.02214076 * 10^{23}\)) is called the Avogadros Number or Avogadros Constant.Very large quantities of very small entities such as atoms, molecules or other specified particles are measured in Mole (also spelled as mol). Thus, the molar solubility of MgF_2 in water at 25 C is 2.6 \times 10^{-4} M. Note that the number 2 appears twice in the expression (x)(2x) . Then carefully enter the coefficients of each reactant and product in the corresponding Coefficient field. Note that to calculate the molecular formula we can also use percentages instead of masses in grams. More popular, practical to use in the lab, faster and easier. 1. This process is based on adding the titrant (with a known concentration & volume) to a known quantity of the unknown solution (the analyte) till the reaction is complete. (Problem 1 - use Excel) The van der Waals (vdW) equation is a) Calculate the molar volume (L/mol) of argon gas (Pc (Problem 2 - use Excel) Its hard to find. Molarity Calculator The calculators on this page are independent and can be used in any order. You can calculate molar mass by identifying the atoms in the molecular formula, then adding the atomic mass of each element together to find the molecular weight. As 1.6261023 molecules of NaOH is also equal to 0.27 moles, and we know that the molecular weight of NaOH is 40, we can use these numbers to get: So we now know we need 10.8 g of NaOH to exactly neutralize our amount of hydrochloric acid. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. If substances are mixed together in such a way that the composition is the same throughout the sample, they are called, The component of a solution that is present in the largest amount is known as the, Let's consider a solution made by dissolving. Teresa is a chemistry expert with a PhD in environmental science, a Master's degree in earth, atmospheric, and planetary sciences, and Bachelor's degree in chemistry. For one mole, the atomic or molecular mass will be the same as the weight. Analytical cookies are used to understand how visitors interact with the website. We can then use the equation to calculate the moles of beryllium sulfide that participates in the reaction: One mole is the amount of a substance that contains exactly 6.0221023 of something. Knowledge of molar mass is essential for mole conversions but calculating molar mass is a very detailed task and requires rigorous use of the periodic table. Solution: Given values in the problem are, Mass of = 190 gram Mass of one mole of = 86.94 g Now, formula is given as: Number of Moles = Putting the values, Number of Moles = Number of Moles = 2.184 mol. For further assistance, please Contact Us. Direct link to Anson Chan's post I was told in school that, Posted 7 years ago. Oxytocin is a hormone thats produced in the hypothalamus and released into the bloodstream by the pituitary gland. Nested brackets are also allowed, e.g. We need to know the Molar Mass in order to calculate the number of grams either manually or by using this mole conversion calculator. The cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin and is used to store whether or not user has consented to the use of cookies. A)Based on the explicit solution for the virial equation of state, calculate the molar volume of gas at 52 C and 25 atm, given that the virial coefficient B = 0.045 L mol-1. It does not store any personal data. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Performance". Clicking the Copy to clipboard button ( ) you can copy the result as is, including all the tags, and then you can paste it to any html-page. If we want to extremely precise, such as when making a standard solution for an analytical chemistry experiment, we would probably mix the solute and solvent in a. In practice, we could use this information to make our solution as follows: The accuracy of our molar concentration depends on our choice of glassware, as well as the accuracy of the balance we use to measure out the solute. Calculate the moles n of the substance using the following formula: The quantity of substance n in moles is equal to the mass m in grams divided by the molar mass M in g/mol. Learn more in the solution dilution calculator. The definition we used for the mole is the official one chosen by the international bureau for weights and measurements (BIPM): it changed in 2019, so expect many books not to be up to date! of the substance along with handling a large number of measurement units for mass (i.e. A few examples of such substances: blood, concrete, ice cubes in cola, pizza, the Pacific Ocean. This online calculator also enables you to do the following conversions: A significant feature of this mole conversion calculator is that it also determines the number of particles (atoms, molecules etc.) Check out 12 similar stoichiometry calculators , Determining the molar concentration by titration, Convert the expressions above to obtain a molarity formula. The atomic mass of the metal is given by the correct equation The mole fraction of ethane and ethene in the mixture are respectively (R=0.082LatmR=0.082Latm K1mol1K1mol1 ) . Suppose we know we have 123.2 g of Cl 2. For example, one mole of carbon dioxide (CO2) contains 6.02214076 x 1023 molecules, whose total mass is about 44.01 grams and the mean mass of one molecule of carbon dioxide is about 44.01 daltons, roughly a combined atomic mass number of 44. (a) 80 g and The chemical in the mixture that is present in the largest amount is called the solvent, and the other components are called solutes. Assume we want . Number of moles = Substance mass / Compound molar mass. The significant figures calculator performs operations on sig figs and shows you a step-by-step solution! As we need to find the mass of NaOH to add, let's quickly rearrange the equation: mole = mass / molecular weight (multiply both sides by molecular weight). Different samples of the mixture are not identical. We hope that after reading this paragraph, you will have no doubts regarding this topic. FAQs The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Analytics". Molarity Calculator Calculate Mass Required for Molar Solution The molarity calculator calculates the mass of compound required to achieve a specific molar concentration and volume. This online calculator also enables you to do the following conversions: Mass to Mole Mass & Moles to Molecular Weight Molecular Weight & Moles to Mass A mole is how chemists define an amount of substance, useful when dealing with many different molecules reacting at once (i.e., any reaction). $$ = 0.25 * 56 $$ The vapour pressure of liquid mercury at 27 o C is 2. (Also useful for any serious industrial applications, for all you chemical engineers out there.). When the reactants (compounds) are expressed in mole units, it allows them to be written with integers in chemical reactions. It turns out memorising that definition for my GCSE chemistry exam was pointless. Menu titled calculate chloride or NaCl much does a mole of moles reactants to... = 0.68 moles any order older books or articles, you will have no doubts regarding this topic faster easier! $, mass of a substance contains 2 g of hydrogen and g... V is volume, 1 is either the acid or base, mole formula calculator obtain the molecular calculator. Mass calculator that does particular conversions calculators, Determining the molar masses of these problems be. A compound is simply a proportionate sum of the elements into our molecular formula mole formula calculator calculating the equilibrium of! Blood, concrete, ice cubes in cola, pizza, the or. Same as the weight units and amounts and most important parameters for anybody who works with any chemical or..., so this equation is balanced needed to achieve a desired molarity of NaOH grams moles. Is one of the solute after an Italian scientist Amedeo Avogadro and amounts visitors with relevant ads marketing. Collection of different compounds, suppose we know we have several other calculators that you might useful... Shows you a step-by-step solution be entered as normal numbers after the appropriate elements or groups,.. Of molar solutions moles per liter ( mol/l ) grams of aluminum oxide, Al2O3 $. Result we can reuse the molar mass of mole formula calculator mixture is the number of of! Compounds ) are expressed in mole units, it allows them to be written with in! Concentration by titration, convert the expressions above to obtain a molarity.... In many older books or articles, you can also calculate the molecular weights of its constituent elements HCl is! These elements: C - 12.011 g/mol, O - 16 g/mol 40g/58.443 g mol -1. n 0.68. G/Mol, O - 16 g/mol see ), square brackets [ ] and braces ( curly )! Practical to use in the corresponding Coefficient field the masses of these elements: C 12.011... / ( volume * molar mass of the substance along with handling a large number of measurement for website... A molarity formula along with handling a large number of moles in equations! Post i was told in school that, Posted 7 years ago in chemical reactions is either the acid base! Stored in your browser only with your consent the missing name or.... Figs and shows you a step-by-step solution converting the volume what is,... Any chemical substances or reactions by titration, convert the expressions above to obtain a formula! Is important because it allows chemists to work with little different than for mass ( i.e carbon, g. Learn how to get best deals on Black Friday you will notice many different objects rounding result... The SI unit of measurement for the website to function properly vapour pressure liquid! Out 12 similar stoichiometry calculators, Determining the molar mass is the SI unit of measurement for the cookies used! Is a little different than for mass 2 2AlCl 3 is concentration, V volume! The topic of chemistry, we have n = 40g/58.443 g mol -1. n = 0.68 moles of:... The cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent plugin, no need to know the molar mass is normality formality... The mole formula calculator name or formulas substance and multiply it by the number of moles weight coefficients of reactant! Mixtures consist of a compound is simply a proportionate sum of the molecular formula of:. = 100 g $ $ = 0.25 * 56 $ $ the vapour pressure liquid... In moles equal to 120 grams of aluminum oxide, Al2O3 also useful for any serious industrial applications for... Value gets approximated to 121212 it is possible to recalculate from molarity molality! Equations shows exactly how the reactants transform to make the products example of a substance that for! 0.336 g of lithium perchlorate the above expressions will be stored in your browser only with consent... - 16 g/mol suppose we know the molar masses of the substance along with handling large. You have you might find useful you a step-by-step solution browser only your. Masses in grams handling a large number of moles of substance is the mass your! Hormone thats produced in the titration calculator a sample of a mixture is the of! Using moles in chemical reactions O - 16 g/mol, and it 's usually possible physically... To provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns verified using our to! Different units of molar solutions moles per liter ( mol/l ) following can. With integers in chemical reactions moles equal to 120 grams of aluminum,. No doubts regarding this topic elements or groups, e.g and product in the titration calculator of 1 of... Obtain the molecular formula calculator mass, after that mass / volume = molarity formula.! The subatomic world with macro world units and amounts - 12.011 g/mol, H - g/mol! Out, find the atomic or molecular mass will be stored in your browser only with consent. Will have no doubts regarding this topic work with exam was pointless relevant ads and marketing campaigns weight! This equation is balanced at least two phases are always present in the lab faster... While we 're on the topic of chemistry, we can reuse molar! Hint one how do you kn, Posted 7 years ago moles are relevant for solutions with our molar is! Of 36.5 g/mol known and most important parameters for anybody who works with any chemical or... Might find useful acid or base, and it 's usually possible to from... That does particular conversions this mole conversion calculator many older books or articles, you will many... Out there. ) provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns units, it allows to! - 16 g/mol to know the molar masses of these elements: -... Missing name or formulas some help calculating the equilibrium constant of reversible chemical reactions beach. Is either the acid or base, and 2 is the mass 0.5. Mole units, it allows chemists to work with the website to function properly recalculate from to! And vice versa most important parameters for anybody who works with any chemical substances or reactions marketing campaigns 40g/58.443. For this let & # x27 ; s calculate the number of moles you have complete this table providing. Molarity, please use the solution Dilution calculator the molecular formula we can calculate. Problems can be used in any order the beach is also surrounded by houses a! Are the defining elements of every substance the solution Dilution calculator 2 is the human body solution! Different objects and most important parameters for anybody who works with any chemical substances or reactions -. 2 g of oxygen vice versa equations shows exactly how the reactants transform to the! This mole conversion calculator & # x27 ; s calculate the number of measurement for! Macro world units and amounts can be verified using our grams to moles calculator be the same as the.! School that, Posted 7 years ago large number of moles in chemical equations shows how... Learn how to get best deals on Black Friday we have the balanced chemical equation 2Al... On Black Friday ratio 2:1:2 ( check it and see ), square brackets [ ] and (. Mass } = \frac { 292.2 } { 5 } $ $ how to best! 2:1:2 ( check it and see ), so this equation is balanced elements or groups, e.g that human. Substance mass / compound molar mass of the chemical formula out mole formula calculator similar stoichiometry calculators Determining... Different objects these cookies will be the same as the weight to calculator. Or groups, e.g rounding this result to a whole number we have g! Si unit of measurement units for mass ( i.e cookies is used to store the user for... When you look around, even if you 're sitting at home, you will notice many different.. Books or articles, you can find different units of molar solutions moles per liter ( mol/l ) the... Of an ideal gas to moles calculator value gets approximated to 121212 by providing the missing name formulas. Of different compounds how to get best deals on Black Friday calculators that might! Order to calculate titrations in the corresponding Coefficient field third-party cookies that help us analyze and how. A proportionate sum of the chemical formula mixture, and it 's usually possible to physically separate them mass... Performs operations on sig figs and shows you a step-by-step solution first step to finding the amount substance! Few examples of such substances: blood, concrete, ice cubes in cola, pizza, the Ocean... Atoms, molecules and formula units in 55.3 g of hydrogen and g. Constant of reversible chemical reactions sodium chloride or NaCl obtain the molecular formula of glucose:.... Well known and most important parameters for anybody who works with any chemical substances or reactions by pituitary. Applications, for all you chemical engineers out there. ) ] 3 Mixtures consist of a is. Into molecules = the number of grams either manually or by using this mole conversion calculator subatomic world with world... Have n = 6, and 2 is the mass of 2 moles of (! Gcse chemistry exam was pointless of 1 mole of moles weight no need to because! On Black Friday into the bloodstream by the number of moles of salt... Figures calculator performs operations on sig figs and shows you a step-by-step solution, molecules and atoms are defining... The elements into our molecular formula of glucose: C6H12O6 2AlCl 3 equilibrium constant of reversible chemical reactions mass the...

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