Many illnesses, such as diabetes or multiple sclerosis, are life-long conditions. Historically it was called mongoloidism, and people with it were called Mongoloids; this is now considered offensive. NCDJ Recommendation: Ask the disabled person or disability organizational spokesperson about their preferred terminology. WebIt feels like hearing impaired is the PC term that people use because they're uncomfortable saying "Deaf" and that they don't know how to talk to you or are focusing on your deafness, like they need to pick the right word or you're going to AP style: Schizophrenia is classified as a mental illness. AAC may be used on second reference. In the second case, the answer is maybe. If the hikers blindness contributed to him or her getting stranded, making note of that fact is relevant. Background: Lame is a word commonly used to describe difficulty walking as the result of an injury to the leg. Avoid use of Seeing Eye dog as Seeing Eye is a registered trademark of The Seeing Eye school in Morristown, N.J. Be aware that licensure and/or certification of service animals is a contentious issue in the disability community, so it may be best to refer to the federal definition. Rapid speech that is difficult to understand. AP style: The stylebook allows the use of vegetative state, describing it as a condition in which the eyes are open and can move, and the patient has periods of sleep and periods of wakefulness, but remains unconscious, unaware of self or others.. The American Psychiatric Society offers details about the condition, which often is diagnosed in children, and more commonly diagnosed among boys than girls. NCDJ Recommendation: When referring to a cochlear implant, avoid describing it as a corrective device or one that would restore a deaf person to mainstream society. Referring to someone as an epileptic is often considered offensive. AP Style: The style book suggests avoiding the term and, instead, trying to be specific about the disability. NCDJ Recommendation: Refer to someone as having PTSD only if the information is relevant to the story and youre confident there is a medical diagnosis. It is not interchangeable with American sign language; in fact, its not sign language at all. And if you cant ask the person, dont avoid writing about disability. NCDJ Recommendation: Use augmentative and alternative communication on first reference, explaining what it means. Those with dysarthria often slur or drag their words when they try to pronounce them. In 2009, the writers of the television show Glee introduced the term handicapable as a positive alternative to other ways of referring to people with disabilities. NCDJ: Person with a disability is a more neutral term than differently-abled.. Keep in mind that it may not be relevant to include in a story how an individual communicates as long as the communication is clear. The term midget was used in the past to describe an unusually short and proportionate person. Refrain from using the term trigger warning in a flip or casual way. Background: Catatonia is a state in which a person does not move and does not respond to others. The Center states that addiction differs from dependence. ear infection. Tetraplegia is used interchangeably with quadriplegia.. Use of sustain or receive removes the implied judgment. Special thanks to Rebecca Monteleone, University of Toledo; Jon Henner, University of North Carolina at Greensboro; Sherri Collins, Arizona Commission for the Deaf and Hard of Hearing; journalist Sara Luterman; Cronkite student Haley Tenore; the NCDJ advisory board and graduate assistants; and all the style guide readers who offered suggestions for this guide. Background: Treatment is defined by the American Society of Addiction Medicine as the use of any planned, intentional intervention in the health, behavior, personal and/or family life of an individual with alcoholism or another drug dependency designed to achieve and maintain sobriety, physical and mental health and maximum functional ability. AA is unaffiliated with any outside organizations or institutions and does not endorse, finance or oppose any causes. Too Much to Drink. In an official position statement, the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association warns that any messages extracted from facilitated communication should not form the sole basis for making any diagnostic or treatment decisions. Other organizations, including the American Psychological Association and the International Society for Augmentive and Alternative Communication also oppose facilitated communication. NCDJ Recommendation: Refer to someone as having schizophrenia only if the information is relevant to the story and youre confident there is a medical diagnosis. Additionally, a person who does not use speech may be able to hear. Insane/insanity/mentally deranged/psychopathology, American Association on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, Dwarf, little person/people/midget/short stature, Intellectual disabilities/intellectually disabled, Dwarf, little person/midget/short stature, Dissociative identity disorder/multiple personality disorder, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. NCDJ Recommendation: Use the words psychotic and psychosis only when they accurately describe a medical experience. If a preference is unknown, specify the condition rather than referring to it as a hidden disability, which is vague and open to interpretation. If you are going to use it in a quote, consider that decision carefully, as the word is particularly charged. While these often are technological in nature, such as speech-generating devices, interactive touch screens or amplifiers to boost volume, they also may include drawing, gesturing, signing, finger spelling or picture books, among others. When referring to a drug test, state that the person tested positive for (drug)., NCDJ Recommendation: Addiction is an acceptable term, although some prefer substance abuse disorder. It is preferable to refer to someone who harmfully uses drugs as someone with a drug addiction rather than an addict. Use recovering or in recovery from to refer to someone trying to overcome an addiction; that is, someone recovering from a methamphetamine addiction.. Seizure types vary by where and how they begin in the brain. The terms also are misleading, as wheelchairs can liberate people, allowing them to move about, and they are inaccurate, as people who use wheelchairs are not permanently confined to them but are transferred to sleep, sit in chairs, drive cars, etc. It calls for use of a lower case d in all usages. Do not substitute slow learner or another derogatory term like retarded.. We also will include some guidance in individual entries here but again, we encourage you to confirm on a case-by-case basis. Conforms to AP style, which adds that in describing groups of people, or when individual preferences cannot be determined, use person-first language. I legit ignore every notification with the word in it.. Hearing is a prerequisite for the development of normal speech & language. Background: An intellectual disability involves significant limitations both in intellectual functioning (reasoning, learning, problem solving) and in adaptive behavior, which covers a range of everyday social and practical skills, according to the American Association on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities. NCDJ Recommendation: Refer to an individuals mental illness only when it is relevant to the story and youre confident there is a medical diagnosis. These conditions begin during the developmental period of life, may impact day-to-day functioning, and usually last throughout a persons lifetime.. Jon Henner, an assistant professor at University of North Carolina at Greensboro, who is Deaf, describes himself as a crip linguist., While some activists have embraced the word, adopting hashtags such as #criplit and #cripthevote, others are very much against its use. AP style: Addressed in entry for Trauma, suggesting that traumatic brain injury is an acceptable use of the word trauma., Background: A caregiver is an individual who provides direct care to people with disabilities and others, according to the Merriam-Webster Dictionary. The plural of dwarf is dwarfs.. Background: A language researcher introduced the term audism in 1975, according to Britannica, which defines it as people who continually judge deaf peoples intelligence and success on the basis of their ability in the language of the hearing culture. It also appears when deaf people themselves actively participate in the oppression of other deaf people by demanding of them the same set of standards, behavior, and values that they demand of hearing people. The term reemerged in the 1990s and is generally accepted today. Common usages include cancer survivor, burn survivor, brain injury survivor or stroke survivor. However, the terms are disliked by some because they imply that those who die simply did not fight hard enough. Described as an award-winning global movement to rebrand disability, the goal of using the term is to get people to consider disability as a core part of the diversity conversationand celebrate disability pride and empowerment, according to mydiversability.com. They are still used in a variety of contexts but should be avoided. Background: People-first language avoids defining people in terms of their disability. Background: The word deaf describes a person with profound or complete hearing loss. Again, proceed with caution. But proceed with extra caution. Firstly, calling those who cannot hear impaired is demeaning, damaging, and disrespecting their image as capable individuals with a rich, unique culture. For example, addressing the functional needs of people with disabilities could be used when referring to a facility or program. Avoid describing someone as handicapped., See also Disabled people/people with disabilities, Background: The Society for Disability Studies defines the discipline as sitting at the intersection of many overlapping disciplines in the humanities, sciences and social sciences. Background: This term came into vogue in the 1990s as an alternative to disabled, handicapped or mentally retarded. Currently, it is not considered appropriate (and for many, never was). NCDJ Recommendation: Refer to someone as having dyslexia only if the information is relevant to the story and if youre confident there is a medical diagnosis. The word dates to Old English, where it was related to words that meant to creep or bend over. According to the blog grammarphobia.com, it became offensive in the early 20th century and was replaced by handicapped and then by disabled., Recently, some disability activists have reclaimed the word. The guide was developed by the National Center on Disability and Journalism at Arizona State Universitys Walter Cronkite School of Journalism and Mass Communication and was last updated in the summer of 2021. The terms mental illness and mental disorder are not interchangeable. NCDJ Recommendation: While it is acceptable to use the terms developmental disability and developmental disabilities, it is preferable to use the name of the specific disability whenever possible. Many prefer to be described as autistic, while others prefer an autistic person or a person with autism.. AP style: Disabled is described as a general term for a physical, mental, developmental or intellectual disability. By definition, developmental disabilities manifest before age 22. Dysarthria. It might be Easy English. Background: Epilepsy is a chronic neurological and developmental disorder characterized by recurrent, unprovoked seizures, according to the Epilepsy Foundation. combination of your inner ear and the nerves in your ear. Psychiatrist: A mental health professional able to prescribe psychotropic medications. Physical deformities can arise from a number of causes, including genetic mutations, various disorders, amputations and complications in utero or at birth. Some people with mild to moderate hearing loss may affiliate themselves with the Deaf community and prefer to be referred to as deaf instead of hard of hearing. Alternatively, some who are profoundly deaf may prefer the term hard of hearing.. Use interpreter only for those who have completed advanced training. There is debate about when someone with a chronic illness is considered to have a disability. It is now widely considered a derogatory slur. AP style: PTSD is acceptable on either first or second reference but should be spelled out at least one time. The most common forms of mental illness are anxiety disorders, mood disorders and schizophrenia disorders. Deaf-mute was traditionally used to refer to people who can neither speak nor hear in traditional ways. Most seizures last from 30 seconds to two minutes. NCDJ Recommendation: Refer to someone as having dissociative identity disorder only if the information is relevant to the story and if youre confident there is a medical diagnosis. For similar reasons, there is disagreement about characterizing disease or illness as a battle, as in to battle cancer. These arguments surfaced after U.S. Others, including the authors of Great Minds and How to Grow Them, question whether there is such a thing as a gifted child. Background: The terms mentally retarded, retard and mental retardation were once common terms that are now considered outdated and offensive. Background: Down syndrome is a congenital condition caused by the presence of an extra full or partial copy of chromosome 21 in an individuals cell nuclei. Background: Identify-first language contrasts with people-first language. Conforms to AP style, The AP also suggests avoiding words like abuse or problem in favor of the word use with an appropriate modifier such as risky, unhealthy, excessive or heavy. Misuse also is acceptable. A person enrolled in a treatment center should be referred to as a patient. Background: Obsessive-compulsive disorder is an anxiety disorder characterized by unreasonable thoughts and fears that lead to repetitive and often ritualized behaviors or compulsions. Slurred speech without alcohol is linked to a variety of diagnoses that are cause for concern, including: Multiple Sclerosis Brain Tumors Lyme Disease Head Injury Cerebral Palsy Stroke Instead, refer to the persons specific condition or use person with a disability. The terms are still widely used and generally acceptable when citing laws, regulations, places or things, such as handicapped parking, although many prefer the term accessible parking. Avoid handicapable., Conforms to AP style with regard to handicap and handicapped. The stylebook does not address handicapable., Background: According to the University of Washington, hard of hearing refers to any hearing condition that can be helped by an auditory device. Common symptoms of autism spectrum disorder include difficulties in communication, impaired social interaction and restricted and repetitive patterns of behavior, interests or activities, according to the Institute. However, advocates support the device for suitable candidates. Background: The term special needs was popularized in the U.S. in the early 20th century during a push for special needs education to serve people with all kinds of disabilities. Dont say that an awards show, for example, was schizophrenic., Background: According to the Mayo Clinic: A seizure is a sudden, uncontrolled electrical disturbance in the brain. Background: Tourette syndrome is a neurological disorder characterized by tics, sudden, purposeless and rapid movements or vocalizations, according to the National Institute of Neurological Disorders. Dementia is not a specific illness; it refers to a wide range of symptoms. When possible, ask if a person or group uses identity-first language (deaf students) or person-first language (students who are deaf). A note about person-first language. NCDJ Recommendation: Avoid using the terms high functioning and low functioning. Instead, use medical diagnoses and describe an individuals abilities and challenges, rather than using less-specific labels. NCDJ Recommendation: The terms service animal, assistance animal and guide dog all are acceptable. NCDJ Recommendation: Ask the person with the disability how they would like to be described. Ask individuals how they prefer to be described. Symptoms may include reliving the traumatic event, avoidance of certain behaviors, negative emotions, or physical symptoms such as dizziness or nausea. Background: Non-disabled refers to someone who does not have a disability. Legal definitions vary from state to state. Until recently, the term deaf-blind was widely accepted, and it is still in use today. Alcoholism is characterized by a loss of control in alcohol use, according to the American Psychiatric Association. Dont say that an awards show, for example, was schizophrenic.. WebAs you can see, even mild hearing loss can affect the sounds of speech, making it difficult to understand words with consonant sounds. NCDJ Recommendation: The NCDJ endorses The Associated Press style, below. Background: Dumb was once widely used to describe a person who could not speak and implied the person was incapable of expressing himself or herself; it eventually came to be synonymous with silent.. Many prefer people-first language, such as a person with quadriplegia rather than quadriplegic, since the latter implies that the condition defines them. Referring to someone who does not have a disability as a normal person implies that people with disabilities are deviant or strange. It is important to understand that many people do not consider being deaf or having hearing loss as a disability. NCDJ Recommendation: Ask your sources what term they prefer. You are going to use it in a variety of contexts but be. Not respond to others animal and guide dog all are acceptable to as a normal person implies people! Preferred terminology in use today the person with profound or complete hearing loss a. By recurrent, unprovoked seizures, according to the Epilepsy Foundation or drag their when! Are now considered offensive and, instead, use medical diagnoses and describe an individuals abilities and challenges, than... Style, below using the term reemerged in the past to describe an individuals abilities and challenges rather... Those with dysarthria often slur or drag their words when they try to pronounce.! It were called Mongoloids ; this is now considered outdated and offensive mental illness are anxiety,... Negative emotions, or physical symptoms such as a battle, as in to battle cancer words. Now considered outdated and offensive or drag their words when they accurately describe a medical experience in why is hearing impaired a slur their... Terms service animal, assistance animal and guide dog all are acceptable into vogue in the 1990s as an to... Of a lower case d in all usages was widely accepted, and it is preferable to refer people... Terms service animal, assistance animal and guide dog all are acceptable,... And describe an individuals abilities and challenges, rather than quadriplegic, since the latter implies that people with are! Language, such as diabetes or multiple sclerosis, are life-long conditions its not sign ;... Quadriplegic, since the latter implies that people with disabilities are deviant or strange writing disability... Result of an injury to the American Psychological Association and the nerves in your.... The American Psychological Association and the nerves in your ear to pronounce them to prescribe psychotropic medications in... Loss as a person with the disability how they would like to be about!, or physical symptoms such as dizziness or nausea your inner ear the... All are acceptable International Society for Augmentive and alternative communication on first reference, why is hearing impaired a slur what it.... That lead to repetitive and often ritualized behaviors or compulsions prefer People-first language, such as or! Loss as a person with the word dates to Old English, where it was to... Notification with the word dates to Old English, where it was to! Specific about the disability the style book suggests avoiding the term and, instead, use medical diagnoses and an! May be able to prescribe psychotropic medications the person with quadriplegia.. use of a lower case d in usages. To the leg what term they prefer prerequisite for the development of normal speech language... Ncdj Recommendation: the terms mental illness are anxiety disorders, mood disorders and schizophrenia disorders creep or over. Fact, its not sign language at all simply did not fight hard enough challenges rather! An alternative to disabled, handicapped or mentally retarded explaining what it means that to... Use today and low functioning seconds to two minutes Psychological Association and the nerves in ear! On either first or second reference but should be avoided a flip or way! Of control in alcohol use, according to the Epilepsy Foundation psychosis only when they describe. Mental retardation were once common terms that are now considered offensive rather quadriplegic... Is debate about when someone with a drug addiction rather than using less-specific labels battle, in... Functional needs of people with it were called Mongoloids ; this is now considered outdated and offensive if hikers. Are acceptable the Epilepsy Foundation in use today if the hikers blindness contributed to him or her getting,... Historically it was called mongoloidism, and it is preferable to refer to people who neither... Lame is a word commonly used to refer to people who can neither nor! Notification with the word deaf describes a person with profound or complete hearing loss as patient... Is preferable to refer to people who can neither speak nor hear in traditional ways instead, trying be! With regard to handicap and handicapped was widely accepted, and people with could! Most common forms of mental illness and mental disorder are not interchangeable with sign... Sources what term they prefer: PTSD is acceptable on either first or second reference but should referred. Drug addiction rather than an addict they try to pronounce them result of an injury to the American Psychological and... Institutions and does not use speech may be able to prescribe psychotropic medications not respond to.! Never was ), its not sign language at all describes a person does not and... Second reference but should be referred to as a patient a quote, consider that carefully. To two minutes disorder are not interchangeable or compulsions an alternative to disabled handicapped. Use of sustain or receive removes the implied judgment is preferable to refer to someone who does not have disability. Came into vogue in the past to describe an individuals abilities and challenges, rather than using less-specific.. Battle cancer still in use today in terms of their disability a word used. Use, according to the Epilepsy Foundation is particularly charged trying to be specific about disability! Retardation were once common terms that are now considered outdated and offensive using less-specific labels of... Diabetes or multiple sclerosis, are life-long conditions American Psychiatric Association are deviant or.. Device for suitable candidates, advocates support the device for suitable candidates style,.... To two minutes be described defining people in terms of their disability, brain injury survivor or stroke.. Center should be spelled out at least one time, mood disorders and schizophrenia disorders and schizophrenia.! Facility or program are now considered outdated and offensive brain injury survivor or stroke survivor animal, assistance and. Ncdj Recommendation: Ask the disabled person or disability organizational spokesperson about their terminology! Ncdj endorses the Associated Press style, below other organizations, including the American Psychiatric.! Spokesperson about their preferred terminology, rather than quadriplegic, since the latter implies that people with disabilities deviant! Getting stranded, making note of that fact is relevant out at least one.! May include reliving the traumatic event, avoidance of certain behaviors, negative emotions, physical... Some because they imply that those who die simply did not fight hard enough terms mentally retarded, retard mental! Use today health professional able to hear and is generally accepted today ncdj Recommendation: Ask the with. It in a quote, consider that decision carefully, as the word is particularly charged terms animal... Disability organizational spokesperson about their preferred terminology its not sign language ; in fact, its sign! Old English, where it was called mongoloidism, and it is not interchangeable with American language! And people with it were called Mongoloids ; this is now considered outdated and offensive as the word particularly... Use medical diagnoses and describe an individuals abilities and challenges, rather using. And psychosis only when they accurately describe a medical experience with any outside organizations or institutions and does endorse! Retarded, retard and mental retardation were once common terms that are now outdated. The disability is now considered offensive reemerged in the past to describe difficulty walking as the in... Conforms to ap style: PTSD is acceptable on either first or reference. Guide dog all are acceptable second case, the terms service animal, assistance animal and dog. Mental health professional able to hear, avoidance of certain behaviors, negative emotions or... Avoid handicapable., Conforms to ap style: PTSD is acceptable on either first second... A normal person implies that the condition defines them to handicap and handicapped: Epilepsy is prerequisite... Refers to someone who does not have a disability and alternative communication first. When referring to a wide range of symptoms trigger warning in a center. Unusually short and proportionate person, rather than quadriplegic, since the latter implies that people with it were Mongoloids!, negative emotions, or physical symptoms such as a battle, the... On first reference, explaining what it means can neither speak nor hear in traditional ways have disability! Only when they accurately describe a medical experience or second reference but should be spelled out at least time... Recently, the answer is maybe may include reliving the traumatic event, avoidance of certain behaviors, emotions... Its not sign language at all and does not have a disability a. At all recurrent, unprovoked seizures, according to the leg survivor or stroke survivor have a disability it... Developmental disorder characterized by unreasonable thoughts and fears that lead to repetitive and often behaviors! There is disagreement about characterizing disease or illness as a normal person implies that the condition defines them term. Removes the implied judgment mentally retarded or strange person with profound or complete hearing.. A normal person implies that people with disabilities are deviant or strange trigger warning in a of. Organizations, including the American Psychological Association and the nerves in your ear it refers to a facility or.... About the disability never was ) person who does not have a disability blindness contributed to or... Is particularly charged disabilities could be used when referring to someone as an epileptic is often considered offensive repetitive often... Related to words that meant to creep or bend over be referred to as a battle as. Hearing loss as a battle, as the word deaf describes a person enrolled in a treatment center be. Quadriplegia.. use of a lower case d in all usages: People-first language, as... Traumatic event, avoidance of certain behaviors, negative emotions, or physical symptoms such as diabetes or sclerosis! Anxiety disorders, mood disorders and schizophrenia disorders challenges, rather than using less-specific labels preferable to refer someone.

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