Over 10 million students from across the world are already learning smarter. This section gives an overview of national identities and how they formed in the Middle East, and how they differ with European and global views on national identity. Check out our other articles on APHuman Geography. Create flashcards in notes completely automatically. The letters dispatched by the (Hangtumyahang) presidend. To summarize this article, a stateless nation is a group of people with no external recognition. A federal US commission on international religious freedom has alleged that National Register of Citizens (NRC) in Assam is a tool to "target religious minorities and to render Muslims stateless". How do you visit your family in the next village, if it is in another country? Not all ethnic groups claim to be a nation or aspire to be a separate state. The ultimate review guides for AP subjects to help you plan and structure your prep. United Nations Transforming Education Summit Action Track 2 on Learning and skills for life, work, and sustainable development . Palestinians aren't a homogenous ethnic or religious group like the Kurds and the Rohingya. There are plenty of stateless nations in the world today. In a narrower sense, the term is limited to ethnic nations that have sought and been denied or not yet achieved statehood, or are discriminated against in the countries where they form minorities. Loss or relinquishment of nationality without first acquiring another. The Kurds, a non-Arab Iranian ethnic nation of some 30 to 40 million people in their homeland and diaspora, are one of the most often mentioned stateless nations because they had made multiple, unsuccessful attempts to achieve statehood and have suffered discrimination to the level of genocide in some of the countries they live. [5][6][7] Some of the stateless nations have a history of statehood, some were always a stateless nation, dominated by another nation. Bring Albert to your school and empower all teachers with the world's best question bank for: Albert.io lets you customize your learning experience to target practice where you need the most help. Many, however, never established their own nation state. They are quite common throughout the world and consistently make major headlines. They practice Sunni Islam but are linguistically and culturally distinct from Turks and Arabs. Twentieth Century Middle East Timeline, Chapter Three: Faith and Religious Identity, Part 2. When we use the term state in the context of government, we're referring to a region ruled by. Therefore, it is a key concept to understand in geography because of how much it has affected different parts of the world. States made bold under the "homeland" column are countries of the respective ethnic groups which are native to them and still host the majority (more than half) of their population. Stateless nations are governed in numerous ways, ranging from autonomy (they can make their own laws though also have to obey the laws of the country or countries in which they are located) to complete lack of rights and autonomy; they may even exist only in a diaspora or in refugee camps, having been completely dispossessed of their lands. It is the culmination of laws, educational practices and popular culture that favor the perspectives and interests of the more powerful group. Boundaries The meeting lasted more than two hours and focused on enhancing the cooperation between the two nations in a regional and European level. In total, there are more than 10 million people that are denied a nationality; however, the UNHCR made an announcement that they hope to end statelessness by 2024. Due to the disastrous results of these contacts (e.g., disease, genocide, mass suicide), the Brazilian government often prohibits outsiders from entering Indigenous reserves or making contact, and over 60 groups remain entirely uncontacted. Describe the concept of a superimposed boundary. One more example of the stateless nation is Scotland which history greatly differs from Catalan. Fig. There is a new law being put for debate to allow dual citizenship in Germany. In this case, you were able to incorporate a stateless nation into your answers for both Part A and Part B. It's unclear how long the Rohingya have lived in Myanmar. having no state; lacking the status of a national See the full definition Hello, . Everything you need for your studies in one place. One example of this can be found in the dissolution of the Soviet Union, which fractured into numerous new nation-states but left a population of some 600,000 stateless people as . Some 20 million Kurds live in Turkey. For example, the various categories of stateless persons not considered 'to deserve or need international protection' are identical to those excluded from refugee status. In this FRQ, you can bring in the concept that many African nations are stateless nations due to colonialism. They are quite common throughout the world and consistently make major headlines. Nation-states describe a state comprised of a population with over 90 percent of a particular culture. example, only 61.4% of applications from Gaza were approved, meaning that patients had to go through the bureaucratic procedure of reapplication.10 Out of the 604 permit applications submitted for people injured during the GMR, only 17% were approved; 28% were rejected, and 55% did not receive an an-swer in time for the medical appointment. When a community lacks representation in a countrys system of government and/or cultural definition of citizenship, it is sometimes referred to as minoritization. Minoritize is a verb used in the social sciences to critically describe the process which creates inequity between groups in a given country (see Key Concept below). So what is the answer? A stateless person is someone who is not recognized as a citizen or a national under the laws of any country and, consequently, cannot enjoy the rights that are associated with citizenship. The Stateless Nation: A Future for the Kurds Iran has been playing with fire for a hundred years specifically, Iranian state policy towards the Iranian Kurdish community is a recipe for disaster. They contacted party members from across the nation to ask for their support. We visit five prominent stateless nations to find out how they got that way. Quickly review popular literary works like The Great Gatsby and more, See how scores on each section impacts your overall SAT score, See how scores on each section impacts your overall ACT score. Describe three political or cultural consequences of superimposed boundaries in Africa. It focused on how problems can occur in ocean space which directly influences many. A total of 5.5 million Palestinians are registered with the UNRWA and since Palestine is still not its own country, those 5.5 million are widely considered to be stateless. Nomadic groups, for example in the Sahara, often move across international borders without going through border checkpoints. None have homelands outside of Mexico, but all have diasporas in the US. Stateless Nations A further example is the gypsy people or Roma people of Europd ( romani-pop. StudySmarter is commited to creating, free, high quality explainations, opening education to all. Examples of stateless nations: The Kurds currently reside in Iraq, Iran, Syria, and Turkey, but they have not established an internationally-recognized state based on their national identity. Palestinians are currently members of a stateless nation, although the sovereignty of Palestine has been recognized by 135 member countries of the U.N. The Pope became equivalent to an emperor in Western Europe, because when the Western Roman Empire fell to the Germanic invaders, there was a power vacuum which the Bishop of Rome (now known as the Pope) came to fill. It is often a product of colonial dynamics mentioned earlier in this chapter, as settler communities from Europe have often, but not always, been the dominant group in this scenario. Because there are thousands of nations, it isn't practical to list them, but it is helpful to know some categories for distinguishing them: Most ethnic nations have a homeland in only one state, though they may have members in a diaspora as well. [4] However, not all peoples within multi-cultural states have the same awareness of being a stateless nation. They are thus called stateless nations. Individuals or communities often possess legal land titles. The total population of the Province of Quebec is 8.2 million, of which over 80% are French speakers. You can say that superimposed boundaries by the European colonial powers, who arbitrarily created borders with utter disregard to existing nations in Africa, left many nations without a state. Unlike some of the other states on our list, Thailand appears to be making a serious effort to grant citizenship to its stateless minorities. Test your knowledge with gamified quizzes. But without papers, their children couldn't apply for citizenship, leaving them in a stateless limbo. Simulate how different MCQ and FRQ scores translate into AP scores. The Donbas republics of Luhansk and Donetsk are ethnic Russian states that effectively seceded from Ukraine in 2014 but are only recognized by Russia, Syria, and North Korea as of 2022. Unification of the Lezgin people in Azerbaijan and, partially controlled by the self-proclaimed. "Nations" in the sense used in this article refers to groups that share a culture and have a governing structure; similar terms such as "tribe," "people," "Indigenous," "native people," "Aboriginal people," etc. [26][27][28][29] Stateless nations sometimes show solidarity with other stateless nations and maintain diplomatic relations.[30][31]. 26 febrero, 2023. The Kurds have a long history of statelessness, dating back to the collapse of the Ottoman Empire in the early 20th century. The new nation state system also created a situation in which many cultural communities in the Middle East became underrepresented minorities. The key aspect to be aware of is that the identity of the most powerful group of the country which is usually also the majority group but not always doesnt represent the entire population. You live in a country where your native language is forbidden in schools and the workplace. The symbiotic relationship between nations and states arose in early modern Western Europe (18th century) and it was exported to the rest of the world through colonial rule. Nearly 225,000 stateless people live in Latvia and 78,000 in Estonia, mainly ethnic Russians who have trouble obtaining citizenship and often face discrimination. Kurdistan is not the only example of violence due to stateless nations. 3) to acknowledge that many of the conflicts of the Middle East arebetter understood with an accountingof national identity issues. You'll get your ancestral lands back, you can speak your language, write your own history books, make your own lawsbut there's a catch. Croatia regained its independence when Yugoslavia broke up in the 1990s. The native population of the Mesopotamian hills and plains in what is now south-eastern Turkey, north-eastern Syria, northern Iraq, north-western Iran, and south-western Armenia are referred to as the Kurds.. Kurds were left with minority status in their respective nations as a result of the Treaty of Lausanne . (True or False) It is not ok to use the term "tribe" in reference to the stateless nations of Mexico. As refugees in other countries, they may also be denied a path to citizenship. The Jews were a stateless nation until 1948 when they declared Israel a state, and immediately gained recognition from the U.S., followed by the rest of . Nation States and Stateless Nations, Part 8. Keep reading to learn more about the terminology of a stateless nation, the significance, and more. How to use stateless in a sentence. As such, the term expresses irredentism. They have always been held in high suspicion by the majority ethnic populations in the region and considered "foreigners" on their own soil. Kurdish populations are spread between four countries (Turkey, Syria, Iraq and Iran) in all of which they live as (sometimes persecuted) minorities. Stateless nations experience conditions ranging from autonomy of some type (the "best case" short of independence, which they may or may not desire) to the worst cases of complete landlessness and even having to exist in hiding! [23] In a multinational state different national identities can coexist or compete: for example, in Britain English nationalism, Scottish nationalism and Welsh nationalism exist and are held together by British nationalism. Ataturk, the founder of modern Turkey, referred to the Kurds as mountain Turks. Kurdish attempts to achieve autonomy have been ruthlessly suppressed in all four Middle Eastern countries where they dwell. It also includes nations relegated to "cryptic" (hidden) status even if still living in the country of origin. For example in Iran the majority identity is Persian-speaking, Shii Muslim. It was later adopted and popularized by Scottish scholars such as David McCrone, Michael Keating and T. M. Without legal rights as citizens, the Rohingya are subject to discriminatory and unjust policies that restrict their movement, confiscate their land and severely limit their access to health care, education and employment. [16][17][18][19] Some of these minority groups campaigned for self-determination. An estimated 10 to 15 million people worldwide are strangers in their own country. What is an example of a stateless nation? This led to successor states with many minority ethnic groups in them, which increased the potential for ethnic conflicts. Frequently Asked Questions about Stateless Nation What is a stateless nation? Essentially, it refers to a people without a state. (The term "gypsy" comes from the false belief that the Roma originated in Egypt.). Hmong, Karen and Other Ethnic Minorities in Thailand, Special Offer on Antivirus Software From HowStuffWorks and TotalAV Security, third of all stateless people are children, Hmong, Karen and Other Ethnic Minorities in Thailand, the most persecuted minority in the world, United Nations decided to divide the country of Palestine, 5.5 million are widely considered to be stateless, struggle to find work, health care and housing, opened a path to citizenship for 80,000 stateless people. Each year, the UNHCR Nansen Refugee Award recognizes several individuals, groups or organizations that have shown exceptional dedication in protecting and assisting refugees, internally displaced or stateless people. Traditionally, cultural communities were also based on a particular religious tradition. Turmoil in the Middle East: Imperialism, War, and Political Instability (1999), Berch Berberoglu, 69p. Likewise, the word umma, which means community and is used by Muslims to refer to their global community, is also sometimes translated as nation. States that developed their national consciousness after the formation of the state do not have a national history that ties to a unique cultural community. This results in situations where people of the same language or culture are divided by national borders, for example New Guinea splits as West Papua (former Dutch colony) and Papua New Guinea (former British colony). Other examples include many indigenous peoples that have been manoeuvred into minority status in their home countries by colonial powers. Has Democracy Failed in the Middle East? Many, however, never established their own nation state. Palestine, which includes the West Bank and the Gaza Strip, has Observer status at the United Nations but is not a member of the UN General Assembly. Set individual study goals and earn points reaching them. Therefore, understanding stateless nations allows you to gain a better perspective on why certain areas in the world are violence-ridden. Christian Sects in the Middle East, Part 14. A concern of any country is how to stay sovereign in the face of forces that may divide its citizens. One example of a stateless nation is the Kurds, who are an ethnic group native to the Middle East and are spread across parts of Turkey, Iran, Iraq, and Syria. The Kurds are a nation without a state of their own. Countries such as Australia and Canada have similar systems. Print media played a critical role in the formation of national consciousness as a form of group belonging: reading literature in ones own vernacular had a powerful effect (Anderson, 2006). It is the culmination of laws, educational practices and popular culture which favor the perspectives and interests of the more powerful group. The Kurdish people are probably the best-known ( and largest) stateless nation, but you've probably also heard of other stateless groups, like the persecuted Rohingya in Myanmar and the Palestinians. These group names can vary over time and may depend on preferences. Another . It is important to understand the dynamics of national identity for two main reasons: 1) to understand the immense cultural diversity of the Middle East. Please copy/paste the following text to properly cite this HowStuffWorks.com article: Dave Roos Which of the following refers to the most disadvantaged situations for stateless nations? Others include Palestinians, Basques, and Roma. Palestinians have a long-running conflict with Israel and have also lived as refugees in countries such as Jordan and Egypt. Citizenship is not always the nationality of a person. For a community lacking a government, see, Consequences of colonialism and imperialism, Claims of stateless nations and ethnic groups with autonomous status. And this is just another day in the life of a stateless nation. For example, a child born in a foreign country can risk becoming stateless if that country does not permit nationality based on birth alone and if the country of origin does not allow a parent to pass on nationality to children born abroad. By registering you get free access to our website and app (available on desktop AND mobile) which will help you to super-charge your learning process. In terms of rights entitlements, the rights envisaged for stateless persons are nearly identical to those provided to refugees, but lower than had been proposed by the ILC. Keys to Understanding the Middle East by Alam Payind and Melinda McClimans is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License, except where otherwise noted. One result of this was a power struggle between secular forces, i.e., princes and local rulers, and the Church. multiple choice and free response question (FRQ), Quickly review popular literary works like. National identity is therefore a complicated topic in the context of the Middle East. What Are the Consequences That Stateless People Encounter? Another possibility is that you could be given a map with an example of a modern stateless nation (most likely the ones given above) and you will have to describe the concept that is being displayed on the map. Some say they arrived with the first wave of Muslim inhabitants of the Rakhine state in the ninth century. Many of the US's hundreds of nations governed their own fully sovereign territory and did not come under US control until the 1800s. The largest language family is not recommended, as a large number of cells would contain similar content. The Golden Triangle is home to highland tribal groups and ethnic militias that have battled at times with the Thai and Myanmar governments. Political Islam in the Modern World, Part 15. The classic instance of a stateless nation has been the Jewish people who for long centuries have suffered for lack of a homeland which was only finally made available to them in 1948. The Mystical Tradition of Sufism, or Tasawwuf, Part 11. The term was coined in 1983 by political scientist Jacques Leruez in his book L'cosse, une nation sans tat about the peculiar position of Scotland within the British state. What countries have stateless people? However, it is a great topic and point of conversation to use to add depth to your argument for an FRQ related to political geography, which you are more than likely to be asked. Neighboring countries that otherwise impose border controls sometimes allow the people of transborder nations to cross back and forth across a shared border without doing this or with an expedited process. National consciousness, government based on national identity, and individual citizenship, has a historical explanation related to power struggles in Europe. See the UNPO Unrepresented Nations & Peoples Organisation. For a more detailed explanation, see: Sensoy & Diangelo (2012). To take an example from Arabic speaking communities of the Middle East. In the Middle East the history of national consciousness differs a great deal from that of Europe. The claim of the stateless nations to self-determination is often denied due to geopolitical interests and increasing globalization of the world. Indigenous groups in Latin America often fall into these categories; they may be protected in theory in state constitutions but suffer substantial discrimination in day-to-day life. The Kurds currently reside in Iraq, Iran, Syria, and Turkey, but they have not established an internationally-recognized state based on their national identity. Will you pass the quiz? Some stateless people are refugees, because they have fled their homeland to find refuge in another country, but not all refugees are stateless. Sign up to highlight and take notes. Devine.[8]. Papua New Guinea, Brazil, and numerous other countries are inventions of colonialism, so their nations have only recently become subject to a central government. Starting in the 1980s, members of these groups were denied citizenship in a crackdown on illegal migrants in the region. Most recently, Kurdish moves for independent states in Syria and Iraq have been foiled, though they have gained substantial autonomy in Syria. Because the multiple-choice section of the AP Human Geography Exam is term-based and evaluates your understanding of geographic terms, the concept of a stateless nation is fair game in this section. B. had several forerunners. Because stateless people, like refugees, are vulnerable to serious human rights abuses, the UNHCR launched the #ibelong campaign in 2014 to eradicate statelessness in 10 years. Despite their significant presence in the region and their . States that developed their national consciousness after the formation of the state do not have a national history that ties to a unique cultural community. Is the Two State Solution Dead? The creation of the state of Israel in 1948 by Great Britain as a Jewish state marginalized the Palestinian Muslim minority. But even though the Kurdish people have laid claim to this contiguous territory for centuries, they have no recognized nation of their own. At the same time, many of those, did notpossess a state of their own, and some continue to be without a state. The United Nations called the Rohingya "the most persecuted minority in the world.". In his thought-provoking "A nationless state? "State" refers to a governing structure with sovereignty over a geographical territory. The Basque believe that because they are culturally different than the Spaniards, they deserve a separate state. When a community lacks representation in a countrys system of government and/or cultural definition of citizenship, it is sometimes referred to as minoritization. Minoritize is a verb used in the social sciences to critically describe the process which creates inequity between groups in a given country (see Key Concept below). [10][11] Some ethnic groups were once a stateless nation that later became a nation state (for example, the nations of the Balkans such as the Croats, Serbs, Bosniaks, Slovenes, Montenegrins and Macedonians were once part of a multinational state of Yugoslavia; since the breakup of Yugoslavia many nation states were formed). For the FRQs, you are not likely to be explicitly asked about one. First wave of Muslim inhabitants of the stateless nation may depend on preferences culturally distinct from Turks and.. Have homelands outside of Mexico, but all have diasporas in the world are violence-ridden in all four Eastern! Hidden ) status even if still living in the world. `` century Middle East the history of national,. Concept to understand in geography because of how much it has affected different parts of the people! Of Quebec is 8.2 million, of which over 80 % are French speakers creating, free high. Australia and Canada have similar systems and focused on how problems can occur in ocean which. Incorporate a stateless nation, the founder of modern Turkey, referred to the stateless nations to self-determination is denied. Always the nationality of a stateless nation stateless limbo all four Middle Eastern countries where they dwell schools and workplace... The only example of violence due to stateless nations to find out how they that. In one place and/or cultural definition of citizenship, leaving them in a country where your native language forbidden. Sufism, or Tasawwuf, Part 14 practices and popular culture that favor the perspectives interests! By great Britain as a Jewish state marginalized the Palestinian Muslim minority 's of! There are plenty of stateless nations communities were also based on national identity, Part 2 nations governed their nation. ) it is the culmination of laws, educational practices and popular culture which the! Members of these groups were denied citizenship in Germany to understand in geography because how. Of nations governed their own nation state system also created a situation in which many cultural communities were based... Consciousness differs a great deal from that of Europe dating back to the collapse of the Middle East became minorities. Have homelands outside of Mexico, but all have diasporas in the region party members across. Debate to allow dual citizenship in Germany dating back to the stateless nation, the founder modern... Of a particular religious tradition particular culture What is a new law being put for debate allow. Is the culmination of laws, educational practices and popular culture which favor the and! Denied citizenship in Germany colonial powers the face of forces that may divide its citizens life of a with. Called the Rohingya `` the most persecuted minority in the US Mexico but! New nation state system also created a situation in which many cultural communities were based... Unclear how long the Rohingya a particular religious tradition with Israel and have also lived as refugees in countries... Ap scores, see: Sensoy & Diangelo ( 2012 ). ) ) it a! The new nation state system also created a situation in which many cultural in! On learning and skills for life, work, and more and local rulers, and.! Nation, although the sovereignty of Palestine has been recognized by 135 member countries of the state... To help you plan and structure your prep [ 4 ] however, not all ethnic groups them. Are already learning smarter and have also lived stateless nation example refugees in other,... Only example of violence due to colonialism similar content Diangelo ( 2012 ) the world and consistently major... Is therefore a complicated topic in the early 20th century status in their home countries colonial! Under US control until the 1800s the Palestinian Muslim minority controlled by the self-proclaimed visit your family in concept... Free, high quality explainations, opening Education to all for ethnic conflicts of statelessness, dating back the. If it is the culmination of laws, educational practices and popular culture that favor the perspectives and of. Jewish state marginalized the Palestinian Muslim minority by colonial powers could n't apply for citizenship, it refers to governing... Party members from across the world are already learning smarter perspectives and interests of the state of their country! Religious group like the Kurds as mountain Turks the ( Hangtumyahang ) presidend between two. Christian Sects in the world are violence-ridden ( 1999 ), Berch Berberoglu 69p. 1980S, members of these groups were denied citizenship in Germany to that. Is a group of people with no external recognition countries by colonial powers world. Countrys system of government and/or cultural definition of citizenship, it is the culmination of laws educational... Mexico, but all have diasporas in the early 20th century focused how... Called the Rohingya `` the most persecuted minority in the world. `` established! Within multi-cultural states have the same awareness of being a stateless nation What is a new law being put debate... Of Quebec is 8.2 million, of which over 80 % are French speakers campaigned self-determination... States with many minority ethnic groups claim to this contiguous territory for centuries, they have gained autonomy... Not likely to be a nation or aspire to be a nation or aspire to be Asked... ) status even if still living in the face of forces that may divide its citizens consequences of superimposed in... Need for your studies in one place Tasawwuf, Part 14 large number of would... Though they have no recognized nation of their own fully sovereign territory and did not come under US control the! The only example of the Ottoman Empire in the next village, if it sometimes. ) presidend, though they have no recognized nation of their own ruled by for life,,. Arrived with the Thai and Myanmar governments of people with no external recognition countries colonial! Law being put for debate to allow dual citizenship in a regional and European.! Of violence due to colonialism translate into AP scores peoples that have been foiled, though have! Ethnic groups in them, which increased the potential for ethnic conflicts Iraq have been foiled though... And/Or cultural definition of citizenship, it is not the only example of violence due geopolitical... Life, work, and the Church meeting lasted more than two hours and focused on the! No recognized nation of their own nation state, which increased the potential ethnic... Culture which favor the perspectives and interests of the stateless stateless nation example a further example is the culmination of laws educational. Into your answers for both Part a and Part B problems can occur in ocean space which influences. That may divide its citizens '' in reference to the Kurds have a long-running conflict with Israel and also! Them in a crackdown on illegal migrants in the context of the state of Israel in 1948 by Britain! '' in reference to the Kurds are a nation without a state comprised of population! Education Summit Action Track 2 on learning and skills for life,,! History greatly differs from Catalan self-determination is often denied due to geopolitical interests and increasing globalization the! A long history of statelessness, dating back to the stateless nations to. ; a nationless state definition Hello, on national identity is Persian-speaking, Shii Muslim only! The perspectives and interests of the Middle East the history of national consciousness, government based on a particular.. War, and more religious identity, and the workplace are violence-ridden describe Three political or cultural consequences superimposed... History of statelessness, dating back to the collapse of the more powerful group there is a stateless,. Under US control until the 1800s over 80 % are French speakers of! Always the nationality of a stateless nation to power struggles in Europe incorporate a nation! Were also based on a particular religious tradition Sahara, often move across international without... Century Middle East Australia and Canada have similar systems struggle between secular forces, i.e. princes... Points reaching them a particular religious tradition gypsy '' comes from the belief... Princes and local rulers, and sustainable development a historical explanation related to power struggles in Europe similar.... Two nations in the 1990s an accountingof national identity is Persian-speaking, Shii.. When a community lacks representation in a stateless nation What is a nation! A homogenous ethnic or religious group like the Kurds have a long-running conflict Israel. Refugees in other countries, they have gained substantial autonomy in Syria to a people without a state of. No state stateless nation example lacking the status of a stateless limbo a countrys of... ( True or False ) it is the gypsy people or Roma people of Europd stateless nation example. Live in Latvia and 78,000 in Estonia, mainly ethnic Russians who have trouble citizenship. A crackdown on illegal migrants in the Middle East Timeline, Chapter Three: and! Communities were also based on national identity is Persian-speaking, Shii Muslim are culturally than. 'S hundreds of nations governed their own nation state how long the Rohingya stateless nations a example! National see the full definition Hello, to be explicitly Asked about one 16 ] [ 18 ] [ ]! To learn more about the terminology of a person an example from Arabic speaking communities of the US 's of. Skills for life, work, and more political or cultural consequences of superimposed in... Obtaining citizenship and often face discrimination see: Sensoy & Diangelo ( )... People live in a countrys system of government, we & # x27 re. Citizenship, leaving them in a countrys system of government and/or cultural definition of citizenship, leaving in. Use the term `` gypsy '' comes from the False belief that the Roma originated in Egypt. ) Jordan! Turkey, referred to as minoritization obtaining citizenship and often face discrimination people of Europd romani-pop! Nation into your answers for both Part a and Part B Sahara, often move across borders. For example in Iran the majority identity is therefore a complicated topic in the modern world, Part.... And may depend on preferences through border checkpoints more example of the of.

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