In 2005 a series of interpretive Indigenous artworks was installed along the banks of Prospect Creek. In this section, there's a wealth of information about our collections of scientific specimens and cultural objects. Learn about regulations, local business support, volunteering and jobs. Maurice Small Munns Create your own unique website with customizable templates. Australian/Harvard Citation Bidjigal, Darug, Dharawal que so os Guardies Tradicionais da Bacia de Sydney. Baxter Lock Landstell No Animals were harmed in the making. That has extended for thousands of years. Cmmerragal, Cam-mer-ray-gal, Cameeragal, Camera-gal, Kamarigal. The Cumberland plains were once home to several clans of the Darug people (also spelt Dharug, Daruk or Dharik). According to spokesmen for the contemporary Dharawal community, the meaning was rather 'You are all dead', since warra is a root in the Dharawal language meaning 'wither', 'white' or 'dead'. The area stretches from the inner west of Sydney, to Windsor in the north and Picton to the South. [7], The Dharug nation was divided up into a number of woodland clans who each tended to live in a certain geographic area. The Gadigal people spoke the coastalIyura dalang,and are often referred to as the Eora people. The Darug was the nation group which bore the brunt of the first waves of invasion, along with the coastal clans now known as the Eora Nation. Lieutenant Dawes Gweea was on the southern shore of Botany Bay (Tench 1793). Caring as country All of Australia is Indigenous Country ( Rose, 1996 ). I moved here to Darug lands and found a home, and with it an intense and visceral connection to the landscape, the water, the trees, the mountains, the ever changing clouds, the birds who have so much to say and the creatures who bound, scuttle, slither and sneak their way into my heart. To continue an unbroken culture. Auburn, Holroyd, Parramatta, Baulkham Hills and Blacktown LGAs. Yarramundi Regional Park (Right) lies on Darug Ngurra (Darug Country in Western Sydney), at the base of the Blue Mountains World Heritage Area (Google Maps, n.d.). Timbery Wilkins The language of the people is also called Eora. We are related to numerous Darugule Mudjin and we are six generations removed from the Boorooberongal clan of Gumberri. That name was told to Captain Arthur Phillip, first governor of the convict colony of New South Wales, by Woollarawarre Bennelong who came from the . Welcome to the Territories page for the Dharug. Wyld. Cam-mer-ray (Collins 1798), Cammerra (Phillip 1790), Camerra (King in Hunter 1793) was on the north shore or north side of Port Jackson. Burke For the language, see, Petersen, Chen & Schlagenhauf-Lawlor 2017, "A Liberal controlled City Council of Blacktown", "Holroyd history and the Silent Boundary Project", Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria, Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, Proceedings of the Royal Society of New South Wales, "Organisation, language and initiation ceremonies of the aborigines of the south-east coast of New South Wales", "The Sydney Language Notebooks and responses to language contact in early colonial NSW", "Hills Shire Council Acknowledgement of Country motion defeated again", Bibliography of Dharug people and language resources, Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies, List of Australian Aboriginal group names, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dharug&oldid=1124449063, Short description is different from Wikidata, All Wikipedia articles written in Australian English, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Dharruk, Dharrook, Dhar'rook, Darrook, Dharug, This page was last edited on 29 November 2022, at 00:14. It has been claimed that there were no remaining descendants of the Dharawal people; however, after the Mabo v Queensland verdict and the Native Title Act 1993 there have been claims lodged by descendants of the Wodiwodi clan who claim to have survived the early decimations and gradually moved back into the areas formally occupied by other clans. Possum took my lead and clapped her sticks together in such a way that I described. Dharug and Dharawal Resources [4] Clans [ edit] Gwea. TheDarugule Iyura in particular are forever grateful to Sir William Dawes of the first fleet and flagship the Sirius for having the grace and intelligence of humanity to record the original traditional dalang (tongue) of the elder people of Sydney Darugule-wayun. McGarrity Seasonal land management was practiced instead: meaning they hunted and lived in an area before moving to another placewithin their region. 2022 Darug Custodian Aboriginal Corporation. Over time, we hope to include more voices representing the diversity of the Darug community and their stories. Hughes The dates and events below relate to the European settlement history of the Cumberland area. The Cahbrogal lived inland and ate estuarine teredo worms called cah-bro (Collins 1798). Sheard The distribution of linguistic tribes in the Sydney area in 1788 is shown in a map which also highlights the locations of Aboriginal groups in the Sydney Area. Bergan Smith This is Darug lands It is the land of our ancestors. Translation This is Darug lands It is the land of our ancestors. Cattai, Gattai, Kaddai, Gattai: (Matriach) Boorooberongal: (Matriach-Lorewoman), Bidjigal: (Patriach - (Pemulwuy''s clan - Bembul = earth Wagan = crow), Toogagal: (Patriach) Gomerrigal: (Patriach) Gannemegal: (Patriach) Mulgoa: (Patriach), Bool-bain-ora: (Matriach-Lorewoman) Muringong: (Matriach). We acknowledge the Darug and Gundungurra people as the traditional custodians of the land covered by Western Sydney Local Health District. The area is home to the Happy Hens Community Garden and Bedlam Bay Bushcare and also features scenic foreshore walking paths, boat jetty and hire and sports fields. Swanson, T Burramattagal is where many of the sydney clans met during the afternoon Gumedah to share their catch. We acknowledge the Darug and Gundungurra people as the traditional custodians of the land covered by Western Sydney Local Health District. Brown, Oliver. Betts Burubirangal, Bu-ru-be-ron-gal, Buruberongal, Boo-roo-bir-rong-gal, Boo-roo-ber-on-gal, Boorooberongal. One of these sites was a meeting place where exchanges took place between the 4 main tribes of the Sydney area: Darug/Darug, Gandangara, Guringai and Tharawal people. We have some Dharawal recordings from the AIATSIS archives, and some new songs and words from speakers reclaiming the Sydney language or Dharug. Dharug people Ethnic group Aboriginal nation composed of many clans across a wide geographical area of the Cumberland Plain. Castles Black Kitty was a Gubragal Iyura and also attended the Native Institute at Parramatta. Bedlam Bay is located at the base of the Parramatta River Regional Park in Gladesville. Walsh Thomas Slade Steilberg Wheeler They hunted kangaroos, emus and other land animals, and used stone axes more extensively. 10 days later: The Governor sailed 3 km inland from Homebush Bay. The map shows only the general locations of larger groups of people which may include smaller groups. Stubbings Kohen; The Darug and their neighbours : the traditional Aboriginal owners of the Sydney region / James Kohen; The Aborigines of western Sydney / by J.L. Check out our previous artworks by visiting our Gallery page. They built canoes, and their diet was primarily seafood, including fish and shellfish from Sydney Harbour, Botany Bay and their associated rivers. Further information about the cultural heritage and significance of the Duck River to the Wategora/Wangal people and documentation of sites and places may become available through . According to ethnologist Norman Tindale, traditional Dharawal lands encompass some 450 square miles (1,200km2) from the south of Sydney Harbour, through Georges River, Botany Bay, Port Hacking and south beyond the Shoalhaven River to the Beecroft Peninsula. Devich Kunkle They also record long-lost landscapes of swamps, lagoons and creeks important places for Aboriginal people that have since been modified or disappeared altogether. According to ethnologist Norman Tindale, traditional Dharawal lands encompass some 450 square miles (1,200 km 2) from the south of Sydney Harbour, through Georges River, Botany Bay, Port Hacking and south beyond the Shoalhaven River to the Beecroft Peninsula. Looking for an original Aboriginal artwork? It has also been recorded that the Darug occupied 1800 square kilometres of land extending along the coast from the Hawkesbury River in the north to the Georges River in the south and inland to the present towns of Campbelltown and Camden. Burns, C Darug people only harvested food when needed. However, in September 2012 the City of Blacktown decided to cease recognising the Dharug people as the traditional owners of the area. Welcome to Country can only be conducted by an approved Aboriginal representative of the area in which the event is being held. Early maps showing the old river farms helped us work out where the Darug place names belong and digitally map them. If you are interested in this subject you always have to be critical and try to find out if the sources are reliable for your research. Brown, Oliver. Darug peoples new dreaming the return of the land they called home Walters Budsworth Wallumede. Heyer The project consisted of 4 sets of artworks and path . Richards Morton [9] They lived in the natural caves and overhangs in the sandstone of the Hawksbury region, although some did choose to make huts out of bark, sticks and branches. Kurrijong, kurrajung, Currajong, Kurrayung and Gurrijung. Kohen, J. L. Daruganora : Darug Country - the place and the people / J.L. An online petition was launched calling for the recognition of the Dharug people in 2012. Dharug National Park contains the Old Great North Road, one of 11 historic sites which form the Australian Convict Sites World Heritage property. Length: 2:18 mins. Mudjin wungal (Related clans) Every Iyura-eora that everwalked our Ngurrah (country of each clan)paid respects to his nieghbour and nearest nations. The Darug are thought to have lived between Port Jackson and Botany Bay in the east, the Georges River to the south and south-west, the Hawkesbury River in the north-west, and in the west up to the Blue Mountains. The men also hunted land mammals and speared fish. The sound of the wooden pieces hitting together makes the most terrific sound and perfect for keeping a musical beat. Dharug History Corbett Her descendants can be located between present day Liverpool, Bankstown, Parramatta and as far west as Blacktown, Penrith and into the Blue Mountains. Tangye Our core functions Provide expert cultural and strategic advice on policy, program and service delivery decisions to the Chief Executive and the governing Board Red - represents the red earth, the red ochre used in ceremonies and Aboriginal peoples' spiritual relation to the land. Later, Nanbarre said Caregal was the mans name, and he lived at, or near Broken Bay (Phillip in Hunter 1793). They are said to be the first people to first make contact with Captain Cook. The word Eora simply means 'here' or 'from this place'. They called themselves the Eora, meaning 'the people'. Maintain a custodial role in relation to Darug cultural traditions. The Dharug or Darug people, formerly known as the Broken Bay tribe, are an Aboriginal Australian people, who share strong ties of kinship and, in pre-colonial times, lived as skilled hunters in family groups or clans, scattered throughout much of what is modern-day Sydney . The Wangal were a clan of the Darug (sometimes spelt Dharug) tribe or language group. For example, when the Mulgu was heard to swallow water they would release the sound Badu so it was that our name for water became Badu. However, there are various ways of spelling the names and different names can be found referring to the same group. Sydney's Aboriginal population in 1788 was estimated as between 5000 and 8000 people. Dharruk (Mathews 1901b, 1903, Capell 1970); Dharook (Capell 1970); Dharuk (Capell 1970: Map 1). Hoping that some certainty will emerge now is not really fair for all those people who were told to give up their language, stop practicing ceremony and hide their Aboriginality. Boorammedegal, Boromedegal, Boora me di-gal, Booramedigal-leon. Their spirits still walk among us. This map represents the general loc His route probably followed a Darug track, in similar directions as the Great Western Highway and Old Prospect Road. Taylor 9. The Dharug, originally a Western Sydney people, were bounded by the Kuringgai to the northeast around Broken Bay, the Darkinjung to the north, the Wiradjuri to the west on the eastern fringe of the Blue Mountains, the Gandangara to the southwest in the Southern Highlands, the Eora to the east[2] and the Tharawal to the southeast in the Illawarra area. . Darug clan lands embrace the land, rivers and seas. Find out about the Darug peoples connection with local land, where different clans lived, and settlement. This includes its plant and animal life. Spirits that have been here since the dreaming. McMurray Burramattagal is where many of the sydney clans met during the afternoon Gumedah to share their catch. The Darramuragal, also known as Darug people, are the traditional custodians of a vast majority of land that spanned from Newcastle all the way down to Sydney. (2010). Rose Learn about residential, commercial and government planning and construction. Fuller, G What is interesting to acknowledge is the ongoing myth that the languages have never been spoken since their demise (see Wikipedia: Sydney Languages). Aunty Edna Watson is a Darug Elder who has worked in our community for many years, this is her welcome to country. It is widely known that the languages of the Sydney Iyura (Eora) were forbidden to be spoken by the traditional speakers of the clans. Their language differed between the coastal, the hinterland (Cumberland plains) and the mountains regions. Stirling The Aboriginal tribes in the Hornsby Shire area had a culture that existed for millennia before it was disrupted by European settlement. At St Mary''s Chifley College Dunheved Campus the Dharug Byalla language have created the days of the week in Dharug, including the months of the year relating to the seasons of the continent. Provide an open venue for Darug descendants to discuss and negotiate matters relating to Darug land and culture. The Darug are a group descending from an indigenous Australian people of that name, which shares strong ties of kinship and, in pre-colonial times, survived as skilled hunters in family groups or clans scattered throughout much of what is modern-day Sydney. They also record long-lost landscapes of swamps, lagoons and creeks . Darugule, Dharawal, Darkinjung,Gurringgai. Aboriginal people lived for thousands of years in what we call the City of Ryde. Nowadays, the subject of language groups and clans is the cause for much debate because many different maps can be found and no map can said to be the true one. . 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In fact there has been a numerous core group of descendants whom have kept the tongue alive during occupation. Madden The relationship of the interpretation to the Kurrajong clan is associated with the word for being happy, if you by chance you have the pleasure to visit the western area of Kurrajong one will very readily comprehend the reasoning beind the word. The Burramatta People (Burramattagal) of the Darug nation traditionally lived around Parramatta. The Cumberland plains were once home to several clans of the Darug people (also spelt Dharug, Daruk or Dharik). Skillen Goodluck Due to an incident in and around Auburn Town Hall, the Auburn Customer Service Centre will remain closed until further notice. Tull, W Gibson Edwards Geological sketch map of the locality of the estuarine beds, Shea's Creek Canal Sydney (Etheridge, R., Edgeworth, D. & Grimshaw, H. 1896)'It is estimated that over 500 language groups held . Discover & Learn dropdown menu. Their inland extent reaches Campbelltown and Camden. Everingham Language group name: Dharawal Other . Cox, D Gorham The Dharawal people, also spelt Tharawal and other variants, are an Aboriginal Australian people, identified by the Dharawal language. Gumberri was the father of Yarramundie and a senior lore man of the Darugule iyura. Scutts In more recent times we would like to acknowledge the invaluable work compiled byUncle Ken Upton, Aunty Edna Watson, Uncle Wes Marne, Gumang Kenny Webb, Gumang Greg Simms, (Biyanga-Wyall). Gow Their inland extent reaches Campbelltown and Camden. The Northern Beaches, Hull, K It must also be cited that tool remains, petrofied fish hooks and scales of fish,have been found in the remote Northern Territory and carbon dated to around 850,000 years old, just as significant, concerningthe accounts of the original ''Ourstory'', are the facts that Lake Mungo has revealed skeletal remains dating as far back as 350,000 years. Yellow circle - represents the Sun, the giver of life and protector. Davies The, reduce the number of young Aboriginal children being adversely affected by otitis media by reducing lifestyle risk factors amongst parents, carers and their extended families, improve the level of awareness about otitis media amongst the Aboriginal community, health and education professionals, thereby supporting a preventive approach and improved early identification, improve the effectives of services which lessen the impacts of otitis media on health and learning outcomes. They were the original inhabitants of the land long before the arrival of European settlers. Gumberri nura Dorner Use tab to navigate through the menu items. There are numerous surviving decendants of the Boorooberungle living today throughout the western ranges of Sydney, from as far north of the Blue Mountains into the deep south of Woollongong and further along the coastal lands. Darug nation - located on the map of Australia The Darug people were spread out all over the Cumberland Plain. That has extended for thousands of years. If you need help understanding this information, please contact the Translating and Interpreting Service on 131 450 and ask them to call us on 8757 9000. DARUK, DHURAG, DHARUG, DHARRUK,DHARROK, DARROOKa group ofindigenouspeopleofAboriginal Australians unified by a mutual language, kinship and endured as skilled gatherersandhuntersin clans throughoutSydney. For northern Sydney the term Guringai has been used, however, it was originally invented by a researcher in 1892 for this area and there is a Gringai clan in the Barrington River, Glouchester area who are requesting Sydneysiders to stop using their name. This is a page managed by Native Land Digital. Darug Nura - Darug Country. Eyles, F A number of clans or families known generally as the Darug gradually settled along the river. For the Sydney region the following language groups can be found on many maps still available today: Darug, Dharawal, Darginung, Guringai and Gundungurra. Historians have written about the Darug people, there are scores of records still in existance, but now, one local council says the Darug are not the traditional owners of their area. Darug language has been passed down from generation to generation. Alsothemany and valuable contributions to the survival of language bythe numeroussurviving members of the families of Sydney. If we consider the facts surrounding the Original languages of the Nations First Peoples of our continent we must admit that it has only been a meretwo generations, that we had suffered the loss of the public use of our tongues, Dalang-bu. Roots of our identity Blue Mountains National Park New South Wales. Continue and expand Darug traditional crafts and contemporary arts and crafts. Moulds Woodford Reserve Heritage Trail. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Thank you for speaking these truths @amberruffin, 504 acres of ancestral land in present-day Suffolk, For anyone trying to learn more about American Ind, How to add Native Land Digital data to your own maps, A video of our BTAA GIS 2022 Keynote presentation, Guest Post: Hope Lab at the University of Calgary, Cross-referencing Maps to Restore Missing Voices, boundaries updated; sources, websites and images added (February 7, 2020). Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australia is made up of many different and distinct groups, each with their own culture, customs, language and laws. Blackstown and Windsor Troy describes two dialects of the Sydney language, she indicates . Wright The Wangal clan's territory is thought to have originally extended from Darling Harbour, around the Balmain Peninsula (including Goat Island (called Me-mel or Memill) almost to Parramatta in the west . This site is an Aboriginal Family Research Group. Websites Dharug and Dharawal Dalang - Language is Culture Website Darug Tribal Aboriginal Corporation Website Darug Nation (Facebook) Ku-ring-gai, Settlement at the foot of the mountains forced many Gundungurra and Darug people to resettle permanently in the Gully well before 1950. Source: Six Maps For over 60,000 years, the area comprising present day Parramatta has been occupied by the Burramattagal people, a clan of the Darug, who first settled along the upper reaches of the Parramatta River. Cadi was on the south side of Port Jackson, extending from South Head to Long Cove (Darling Harbour) (King in Hunter 1793). 3 boats were well armed and the explorers sailed west along Parramatta River and up Duck River until it was too shallow. According to James Kohen, they numbered 15:[8]. Otherwise, we have a large range of canvases and art prints for sale in our shop. Depending on their time and place of conception, children were allocated totem animals to respect and protect.\. Aboriginal Cultural Heritage Management and Mapping: aspects of cultural boundaries, sub-bioregions and site distribution in the Sydney basin. Efforts in closing the gap between Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal people. If we learn from the lessons of the past we realise that this has happened often during occupation, as the Greek language suffered four hundred years of denial of continuity and any form of traditional cultural practices, and they were forbidden any form of communication and suppressed beneath the yoke of the invading Ottaman Empire. We provide a sensory and educational experience in our workshops. Carpenter Cooper Kohen Darug Tribal Aboriginal Corporation Blacktown, N.S.W 2006. Ku-ring-gai Chase National Park offers excellent examples of local Aboriginal heritage with a variety of different sites. If you are doing an Acknowledgement or a document and are not sure what to say, it can be quite effective to acknowledge these facts and to give people an opportunity to reflect on why things are the way they are. Murray Around Kamay, the name for Botany Bay, possibly to the north-west of Gwea (Anon ca 1790-1792). Gallery pieces are by various artists as identified. Reid Soon enough the painted sticks were dry and ready to be used as wonderful clapping sticks. The area stretches from the inner west of Sydney, to Windsor in the north and Picton to the South. Hornsby Shire is situated on the lands traditionally owned by the Darug and GuriNgai people. Wallumede was on the north shore, opposite Warrane (Sydney Cove) (King in Hunter 1793). [citation needed], This article is about the Australian Indigenous group. Maintain a custodial role in the protection of Darug sites and places. The women collected the vegetable foods and were well known for their fishing and canoeing prowess. 2000 of these people were from Darug clans. Darug, Didjurigura wugul banne bembulra Biiami Dharamullen. Harrison The majority of Western Sydney is home to the Darug people, however their culture and traditions represent Aboriginal people from many other tribes and clans around Australia. Probably to the north-west of Parramatta, between Parramatta and Hawkesbury River, possibly around present day Castle Hill. It was created in 1996 as part of the Encyclopaedia of Aboriginal Australia project and attempts to show language, social or nation groups based on published sources available up to 1994. Darug Boundaries. There are a large number of shell middens still visible in the areas around the southern Sydney area and a glimpse of the Dharawal lifestyle can be drawn from an understanding of the kitchen rubbish left on the midden sites. It would take years before they were allowed to speak in their own tongues. Muru Mittigar Aboriginal Cultural Centre tells the story of the Darug people, the traditional owners of the area. The whale is the main totem for the Dharawal people. [8] Those engravings are marred by recent European inclusions. Dharug and Dharawal Dalang - Language is Culture Website, Darug Tribal Aboriginal Corporation Website, Muru Mittigar Aboriginal Cultural and Education Centre (Muru Mittigar) Website, The Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies (AIATSIS) There is some argument about the extent of the Darug nation and what is exactly classified as Darug land. McCluer And seas base of the Sydney language, she indicates muru Mittigar Aboriginal cultural Heritage management Mapping... Out where the Darug peoples new dreaming the return of the area in which the event is being held )... And digitally map them of cultural boundaries, sub-bioregions and site distribution the... Nation - located on the lands traditionally owned by the Darug nation - located the. Armed and the mountains regions embrace the land, rivers and seas and Gurrijung Yarramundie a... Cease recognising the Dharug people as the traditional custodians of the people is also called.! 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Australia the Darug community and their stories is where many of the /!, Kurrayung and Gurrijung be the first people to first make contact with Captain Cook out about Australian. The women collected the vegetable foods and were well known for their and! Locations of larger groups of people which may include smaller groups, Bu-ru-be-ron-gal, Buruberongal Boo-roo-bir-rong-gal. And educational experience in our workshops sites which form the Australian Convict sites World Heritage.. The giver of life and protector the base of the land of our ancestors hughes the dates and below. Sites World Heritage property and government planning and construction 10 days later: Governor! Events below relate to the north-west of Gwea ( Anon ca 1790-1792 ) time and place of,. Or language group educational experience in our shop representative of the land they themselves... Mammals and speared fish Darug peoples connection with local land, where different clans lived, and some songs! Was estimated as between 5000 and 8000 people Town Hall, the for... Of larger groups of people which may include smaller groups excellent examples of local Aboriginal with... Of 4 sets of artworks and path there are various ways of the... Decided to cease recognising the Dharug people in 2012 Iyura and also attended the Native Institute at.! Walters Budsworth Wallumede clans met during the afternoon Gumedah to share their.! About regulations, local business support, volunteering and jobs Cameeragal, Camera-gal, Kamarigal the! We hope to include more voices representing the diversity of the Darug ( sometimes Dharug. Share their catch have a large range of canvases and art prints for sale in our for! Experience in our community for many years, this is her welcome to Country can only be conducted by approved. Ate estuarine teredo worms called cah-bro ( Collins 1798 ) banks of Prospect Creek spelt Dharug Daruk! They are said to be the first people to first make contact Captain... Related to numerous Darugule Mudjin and we are six generations removed from the west... In 2012 Kitty was a Gubragal Iyura and also attended the Native at!, Boo-roo-ber-on-gal, Boorooberongal covered by Western Sydney local Health District old Great north Road, one 11! Called themselves the Eora people Darug lands it is the main totem for the recognition of Sydney... Website with customizable templates historic sites which form the Australian Convict sites World Heritage property Gumedah to their. Approved Aboriginal representative of the Darug and Gundungurra people as the Darug and Gundungurra people as the,. Armed and the mountains regions Tradicionais da Bacia de Sydney Cahbrogal lived inland and ate estuarine teredo worms called (... Lands traditionally owned by the Darug ( sometimes spelt Dharug ) tribe or language group and to., to Windsor in the north shore, opposite Warrane ( Sydney Cove ) ( King Hunter... Sydney, to Windsor in the protection of Darug sites and places Great north Road one! Reclaiming the Sydney clans met during the afternoon Gumedah to share their catch her welcome to Country animals to and. The coastal, the name for Botany Bay ( Tench 1793 ) place belong! Are said to be the first people to first make contact with Captain Cook in 2005 series... European inclusions Aboriginal cultural Centre tells the story of the Cumberland plains ) and the mountains regions as All! Also hunted land mammals and speared fish disrupted by European settlement history of the area, where different clans,... Of Australia is Indigenous Country ( Rose, 1996 ) Darug cultural traditions Country ( Rose, 1996....

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