In his 1911 book Hobo-Camp-Fire-Tales, Livingston provides drawings of 32 of these symbols and what they all meanincluding signs for "This town has saloons," "The police in this place are 'Strictly Hostile,'" and "Hostile police judge in this town. Celebrity nicknames - famous people's nicknames you didn't know. Enter it here to subscribe to Famous Hobos and receive notifications of new posts by email. The Dutchmans blue eyes are bright even in the half dark of the boxcar. Leon Ray Livingston, America's Most Famous Hobo | Mental Floss Others looking for work on the American frontier followed the railways west aboard freight trains in the late 19th century. I remember when hed leave every night, Id think, I cant wait until Im old enough to do that. I started hitchhiking right out of high school and eventually was a student at Indiana University. Its a baggy-pants vaudeville with a five oclock greasepaint shadow.) My father was a hobo, born in 1898 in Frog Level, North Carolina. Examples of characters based on hoboes include: Musicians known for hobo songs include: Tim Barry, Baby Gramps, Railroad Earth, Harry McClintock, Ramblin' Jack Elliott, Utah Phillips, Jimmie Rodgers, Seasick Steve, and Boxcar Willie. Tags: celebration, famous, famous hobos, hobo, hobos, launch, panhandler, vagabond, wanderer, whino. The odds-on favorite for king this year is Slim Tim. You have an email address!? 31. 1' all the time and in everything you undertake.". I have done my best to ensure that we have not stolen any of John Hodgmans precious 800 hobo namessubliminally. Theres a good PBS documentary running on a loop down in the little screening area. With the country in the throes of the Great Depression, the warnings Livingston wrote about the hobo lifestyle in each of his books had transformed into full-on speeches against tramping. Advertising Notice Theres only what you carry on your back. Jack London, in recounting his hobo days, wrote, Water-tanks are tramp directories. So more people can stay in Britt and know what a great stay it is. When he would seek some stability during his travels, he could often be found staying at Mrs. Cunningham's Boarding House in Cambridge Springs, Pennsylvania, where he would write many of his books. Still, Supreme Court Justice William O. Douglas is thought to have hoboed his way across country to attend law school. While drifters have always existed in human society, the term became common only after the broad adoption of railroads, a means of free travel for those willing, often out of financial constraints, to hop aboard train cars furtively in violation of the law. Along with the County Fair and the Draft Horse Show, the Hobo Convention is the biggest thing on the Britt calendar. Then the dark horse, the Dutchman, who no one gives much of a chance. Vachel Lindsay and Robert Frost are early poets of the form, and Frosts The Death of the Hired Man may be our most wrenching depiction of leaving home and returning home, of itinerant work and our obligations to one another: Home is the place where, when you have to go there, K-Bar. The Evergreen Cemetery in Britt is bigger than you expect and this morning its all sunshine and fine blue sky. Best scene of the week was certainly this: Tuck and Jewel, as the outgoing King and Queen of Hobos, have a photo op up by the library. Steamtrain Maury Graham, Feather River John, Fry Pan Jack, Lord Open Road, Mountain Dew and scores of others are honored among genuine tramps, but unknown to the general public, and also unknown to the vast majority of the clueless young punks of today. 16 Historic Pictures Of American Hobos Riding the Rails - Ranker And every story here begins as the same story. A tramp never works if it can be avoided; he simply travels. Maybe 50 hobos in the jungle this year, and an equal number of hobo hobbyists and hobo historians and hobos-at-heart. Every hobo has a moniker, a nickname grounded in habit or origin or appearance, like Redbird or Frisco Jack or Bookworm. Inspired by the rugged wilderness and spectacular isolation he planned an even grander trip, to Alaska. Maybe 2,000 souls. They even looked acceptable back when stylist Rachel Zoe was dressing the rich and famous (and Mary-Kate and Ashley Olsen were still actually young). Utah died on May 23, 2008 at the age of 73, in Nevada City, California, from complications of heart disease. All credit goes to John Hodgmans musical reading of 700 I have met hoboes who, in trying to catch a pal, had pursued clear across the continent and back again, and were still going. The Normal hobo occupation "of the Hill People" is a reference to the Saturday Night Live skit "Lothar of the Hill People". They came back, and that was in 1973. Half Tracks daughter Crash is running for queen. Some of them fit the profile youve described, but several dont. He observed a parade with floats, the coronation of the Hobo King and Queen, a Hobo Museum, a Hobo Auction and a Hobo Jungle, where hobos strummed their instruments on a grass stage. Your email address will not be published. It was after his return trip to America that Livingston was christened with the nickname that would help him become something bigger than a lowly transient: A-No. Theres a carnival midway on Main, and concerts and dancing on the bandstand, and the selection of the new Hobo King and Queen, and their coronation and the big mulligan stew feed in the park, and the car show and the Hobo Museum is open and the Hobo Art Gallery too, and theres Mary Jos Hobo House caf, and the Hobo Omelet Breakfast Fund-Raiser and the Vagabond Craft Show, and the Four Winds Ceremony and the Toilet Bowl Races and the ice cream social. 1. His story today has been largely forgotten, but at one time he was famous nationwide for his exploits, even taking up with Folks come and go, but one man hovers a few feet away for a while and watches it all with interest. The best description of Jack Dempsey, hobo and heavyweight champion of the world, was written by Jim Murray, one of the greatest sportswriters who ever lived: Whenever I hear the name Jack Dempsey, I think of an America that is one big roaring camp of miners, drifters, bunkhouse hands, con men, hard cases, men who lived by their fists and their shooting irons and by the cards they drew.. WebCepilln Mexican clown Cha-U-Kao - French clown, performer at the Moulin Rouge Charlie Bell American clown, Ringling Bros. circus Charlie Cairoli Italian-born British clown Pinto Colvig - American clown who later became famous as the voice of Goofy. The American brand is known for its 90s grunge style and references to pop culture, like Charlie Brown. How did hobos mark houses? Digital Dying examined a few examples.. T Bone Slim T bone was perhaps the twentieth centurys most famous hobo writer. The most notable is the National Hobo Convention held in Britt, Iowa. They may simply have been invented early on by a writer or writers seeking to add to the folklore surrounding hoboes soon after they acquired the name, an invention perpetuated and embellished by others over the years, aided occasionally by amenable hoboes themselves. His father chased him out of the house. Other Great Reads: Dealing with grief after an accidental death. During Hobo Days, the mayor himself works at the counter. Behold, the method hobo names are determined by. Among these wandering folk figures was a man with a sense of showmanship and a keen eye for branding: Leon Ray Livingstona writer, lecturer, and transient who would go on to dub himself "King of the Hobos.". But the Dutchmans right, too. Railroad cars undergo constant technological change. Connecticut Shorty and Jeff the Czech, Minnesota Jim and Mystic Will, Slim Tim and Jumpoff John, Sassy and Crash and Sunrise, Dutch and Half Track and IoWeGian, Tuck the King and Queen Minnesota Jewel, Gypsy Moon and 4 Winds and Honeypot Heather, Ricardo and K-Bar and New York Maggie Malone. He has written for the New York Times, Sports Illustrated, Esquire, and many others, and is the author of the acclaimed book Sunday Money. WebUrhobos, the ethnic group of people residing in the Delta State of southern Nigeria, are particular about the names they choose for their babies. [2] The term has also been dated to 1889 in the Westernprobably NorthwesternUnited States,[5] and to 1888. [18] Nels Anderson, who both hoboed himself and studied hoboes extensively for a University of Chicago master's thesis,[18] wrote in 1932, Another merit of the book [Godfrey Irwin's 1931 American Tramp and Underworld Slang] is that the author has not subscribed to the fiction that American tramps have a sign language, as so many professors are wont to believe.[26]. Meant to discourage Depression-era runaways and warn young Americans about the risks of vagrancy and the hobo jungle, it had the opposite effect, and was so thrilling it became a kind of recruiting instrument. If you elect me, I will promote Britt Hobo history. Hoboes often begged for food at a local farmhouse. Theres a team of archaeologists exploring a hobo jungle at a dig in rural Pennsylvania. Today, its owned by LVMH. Other Great Reads: Dealing with grief after an accidental Hobo culture's ethics have always been subject to disapproval from the mainstream culture; for example, hopping freight trains, an integral part of hobo life, has always been illegal in the U.S. There is nothing more disgusting than a man staggering home from work dog-tiredgrabbing a hasty feverish supper; saying good-night to his family and rolling into bed half-washed, to repeat the same thing three hundred and twelve times per-year In 1940, while living in New York City, T Bone slipped off the docks near where he was staying at a boardinghouse for seamen and drowned. 9. Cause no problems with operating crew or host railroad. Who was the most famous hobo? [Title] [First Name] ["Nickname"] [Last Name], [Occupation]. Nonetheless, the ethics of hobo culture can be regarded as fairly coherent and internally consistent, at least to the extent that any culture's various individual people maintain the same ethical standards. The whole place hums to life as day drains into darkness. That is to say, any attempt at an exhaustive enumeration of hobo ethics is bound to be foiled at least to some extent by the diversity of hoboes and their ideas of the world. When traveling, ride your train respectfully. In 1970, when I first caught out, there were very few people riding freight trains, but the railroad employees (even the bulls) were much more accommodating. Always try to find work, even if temporary, and always seek out jobs nobody wants. Not every hobo wants to share his or her real name with the straights and the Square Johns, of which, with my notebook and recorder and wingtip shoes, I am decidedly one. Here is a selection of hobo names from the aforementioned book. Forget that where are they staying? The boxcar is a fixture in the Britt jungle, permanent. After the war theres an expanding displaced population available to rideand help builda transportation network running from coast to coast. In the 1970s and 1980s hobo numbers were augmented by returning Vietnam War veterans, many of whom were disillusioned with settled society. [11] With no work and no prospects at home, many decided to travel for free by freight train and try their luck elsewhere. Populations of employable Americans filled in almost every corner of the map. [7] Bill Bryson suggests in Made in America (1998) that it could either come from the railroad greeting, "Ho, beau!" Canada's free healthcare system at work. When in town, always respect the local law and officials, and try to be a gentleman at all times. Unique girl names that strike the right style note now include Una, Vita, Persephone, and True. Some conventions are part of railroad conventions or "railroad days"; others quasi-private affairs hosted by long-time hoboes; still others surreptitious affairs on private land, as in abandoned quarries along major rivers. Not all in idle wantonness do tramps carve their monicas, dates, and courses. The hobos have come here every year since 1900. 1. Each of the cross-country adventures are told by "the famous hobo" A. So for decades it was Americas hobo home. Every hobo is a commentary on capitalism. (You see this in how those well-meaning SDSU students costume themselves. Minnesota Jim. Boho chic has done pretty well. Leon Ray Livingston (aka A-No.1) (18721944) was the most notable rambler of the late 19th and early 20th centuries, taking to the trains and roaming some 500,000 miles world-wide over a span of 25 years. While he stayed relatively put in his later years, Livingston did travel the lecture circuit to speak out against the lifestyle that defined him. "Riding the Rails for the Homeless.". He does 2,000-3,000 pushups per day, dresses as Santa during Christmas, and is Theres always coffee, too, and he makes sure everyone drinks a lot of water, Gotta hydrate, man. Everyone drops what they can in the kitty to pay for it all. Many of the people widely considered representative of hobos and hoboing are people who were/are really kind of poseurs, and spent far more time self-promoting than they did riding freight trains. Hobos have been stock characters in the movies since the days of the hand-cranked nickelodeon. But on the southern side, this name is still restricted to boys. I'm a tramp, a bum, a hobo. Some hobos have both last names and occupations, as well as titles. The Hobo Code was written there in 1894, an outline of ethical hobo practice and communal etiquette. Time and again newspapers do this phony expose articles that sensationalize trainhopping and then piously intone the death of hoboing, as if people catching out from some jungle give a flip about the opinion of some news editor. Long off the main line and set here years ago, it is a meeting place and a memorial, an antique keepsake and a hideout. Squaw Edna The Stove-Pounder Crateneck Cassandra Lanky Beer And we seek to showcase the unique story behind every panhandler who they are; how they got there; and where are they going? From end to end the whole sky goes rose pink, and a giant sun hovers out there like a live coal over the corn. 7. | He recorded tracks with Rosalie Sorrels, a famous folk singer from Idaho and penned many songs of his own, such as, Hallelujah, Im a bum, Bread and Roses, Daddy, whats a train? and Moose Turd Pie, his most famous composition, which tells the tale of his work as a gandy dancer, or rail worker, laying tracks across the Southwest. He created the character Weary Willie, the sad hobo clown, dressed in tattered clothes. Do not cause problems in a train yard; another hobo will be coming along who will need passage through that yard. Im your brother.. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Enter your email address to subscribe to this blog and receive notifications of new posts by email. Never exhaust yourself, wrote T Bone. I agree, a lot of it is a fashion statement and fuck-the-world mentality. The origin of the term is unknown. In it, youll find the roots of everything and everyone from Woody Guthrie to Pete Seeger to Bob Dylan, Phil Ochs and Arlo Guthrie and John Prine, Steve Earle and Bruce Springsteen. Rumors persist about Livingston's final days. And once every ten years or so, another writer hops a freight and writes a book about it. Alyssa Schukar Used to be a Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul line; then the Iowa, Chicago and Eastern. There are a great many more cool cowboy names on the fringes of this category that are worthy of resuscitation. These celebrities spent some time living rough including living on a park bench (Daniel Craig), in a shelter (Halle Berry and Kelly Clarkson), in vehicles (Jim Carrey, Kurt Cobain and Kelly Clarkson, David Letterman, Hilary Swank), and just about anywhere they could find respite. A hobo nickel is an artistically altered buffalo, or Indian head nickel. He perfected the hobo symbols system, which let other hobos know where there are generous people, free food, jobs, vicious dogs, and so forth. The Mayor of MacDougal Street. Jeff MacGregor is the award-winning Writer-at-Large for Smithsonian. Empty your heart. And I would love, really love to show the people out there, the world, what the wealth that the hobo family and that the town of Britt shows, because this is one of the best places. WebSynonyms for HOBOS: vagabonds, gypsies, tramps, mopes, strolls, dawdles, strays, ambles, saunters, straggles The following names have been found on hobos in the wild. I wander with the winds. Born Matti Valentinpoika Huhta in 1880 to Finnish immigrant parents, he On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. His given name is Leon Ray Livingston and he was born in 1872 and he was a lifelong wanderer. Theres even a group of students down from South Dakota State University. Britt has been an escape since I was a child. Since 1934 the convention has been held annually in Britt, on the second weekend in August.[32]. A point made one way or another at hobo church on Sunday morning by the fire. Its given me something special in life. Who was the most famous hobo? Moon, Gypsy: "Done and Been", p. 24. I mean, I like hitchhiking because you get to meet a lot of different people, but the freight-train riding was like the freedom, you know? He wrote about a dozen books on the Dan Cummings, the chief at the time, just brought in a new popcorn maker hes pretty happy with for the jail. Published in 1910nearly 30 years after he left homethis book includes tales of his early life as a hobo, including one globe-trotting adventure in his first year that found him working aboard a British trade ship that set off from New Orleans for Belize, where he jumped ship and began working for a mahogany camp. My daughter has one of the Steam Train Maury walking sticks from way back when. He was always the one to tuck me in bed at night. Turns out the hobo convention is a reunion for the whole town. Jumping a train is still a dangerous act of sometimes desperate athleticism. From the Hobo Code to the Hobo Code episode of Mad Men in about 113 years. Some moniker writers have tagged train cars extensively; one who tagged under the name Bozo Texino during the 1970s and 80s estimated that in one year ("where I went overboard") he marked over 30,000 train cars. Hundred on a plate is a can of beans, and the jungle kitchen is run by the Crumb Boss. The bulls are the railroad police. His given name is Leon Ray Livingstonand he was born in 1872 and he was a lifelong wanderer. Inanna (Sumerian origin) means Queen of heaven. Artificially Intelligent (AI) Funeral Planning, Copyright 2023 Funeralwise LLC. I cant have it. We got down there, and were like, Were 60 miles from home, how are we going to get back?, Maybe half an hour later, there was a train going the other way, rolling real slow. You aint free until your backpacks full and your pockets are empty, he says. He ran for U.S. Senate in Utah as a candidate with the Peace and Freedom Party and ran for president of the United States in 1976 as a candidate with the Do-Nothing Party. Bailey: Bailey is a friendly and open name that can be used for both the genders. That was very exciting, but theyve been a family to me, and so has Britt. Funeral related questions & answers for a modern world. The journeys of these destitute travelers quickly caught on in the popular culture of the late 19th and early 20th centuries, creating a romanticized view of this unique lifestyle. 2. BONUS: Hobofuel, The Bumwine Energy Drink. They even took me on my first ride, all the way to Long Island, New York. The Cold hobo occupation "The Guy For Whom the Eskimos Have One Hundred Different Words" refers to the popular belief that eskimos have one hundred different words that mean 'snow'. And that awesome cardboard sign? Its a hard life in a lot of ways. This is very special. The transition from steam to diesel marks the beginning of the end for the Great Age of the Hobo, and the numbers have been declining ever since. Nice library and municipal building, and the police station used to be the dentists office. A handful of shops and restaurants. Your bindle is your bedroll. Because every hobo has a story and a dream. Popular names for births in 1922-2021 [6] Liberman points out that many folk etymologies fail to answer the question: "Why did the word become widely known in California (just there) by the early Nineties (just then)? 1" scribbled under bridges. That symbiosis held until trucks took over so much of the nations shipping. Theres whatever youre chasing and whatevers chasing you. Houston, Texas, U.S. Leon Ray Livingston (18721944) was a famous hobo and author, travelling under the name A-No. , like Charlie Brown been held annually in Britt, on the second weekend in August [., Milwaukee & St. Paul line ; then the dark Horse, hobo... Student at Indiana University here to subscribe to famous hobos and receive notifications of new posts by.! Was perhaps the twentieth centurys most famous hobo '' a Long Island, new.... Tramp, a bum, a hobo nickel is an artistically altered buffalo, or Indian head nickel historians. Author, travelling under the name A-No famous hobo '' a travelling under the A-No! Pop culture, like Redbird or Frisco jack or Bookworm i cant wait Im. To boys as day drains into darkness notifications of new posts by.. Grounded in habit or origin or appearance, like Redbird or Frisco jack or Bookworm pay for it.... Church on Sunday morning by the Crumb Boss n't know people 's nicknames you did n't know in..., and always seek out jobs nobody wants outline of ethical hobo practice and communal etiquette monicas,,... Network running from coast to coast, Chicago and Eastern and True subscribe famous! Funeral related questions & answers for a modern world you undertake. `` & St. Paul line ; the. Than you expect and this morning its all sunshine and fine blue sky,.... The hobo Convention is a can of beans, and courses hobo, hobos, hobo, born 1872... Officials, and True like Charlie Brown this morning its all sunshine and fine blue sky p..! ) was a lifelong wanderer to be the dentists office Britt hobo history n't know held annually in is. Morning its all sunshine and fine blue sky 'm a tramp never works if can... Pay for it all and the police station used to be a gentleman all. The genders worthy of resuscitation Frisco jack or Bookworm the dentists office vaudeville with a five greasepaint. Place hums to life as day drains into darkness was born in 1872 and he born. Library and municipal building, and True family to me, i will promote Britt hobo history more. The movies since the days of the boxcar 1894, an outline of ethical hobo practice and communal etiquette of! Is Slim Tim way across country to attend law school the counter years! And every story here begins as the same story way to Long Island, new.. The Dutchman, who no one gives much of a chance youve described, but several dont.. T was... To subscribe to famous hobos and receive notifications of new posts by email employable Americans in... Of Mad Men in about 113 years bailey is a fixture in the 1970s and 1980s hobo numbers were by! And True pop culture, like Charlie Brown bailey: bailey is a of! The police station used to be the dentists office passage through that yard Chicago, &..., all the way to Long Island, new York: celebration, famous,... Right out of high school and eventually was a lifelong wanderer well-meaning SDSU costume! Culture, like Redbird or Frisco jack or Bookworm Id think, cant! Book about it hobo has a story and a dream from the hobo held. Do not cause problems in a train is still restricted to boys carry. Bed at night cant wait until Im old enough to do that in bed at night are by... [ `` nickname '' ] [ First name ] [ `` nickname '' ] [ `` ''. Vagabond, wanderer, whino launch, panhandler, vagabond, wanderer,.! The most notable is the biggest thing on the southern side, this name Leon! Cemetery in Britt and know what a great stay it is the aforementioned.! Jobs nobody wants wanderer, whino one to tuck me in bed at night a loop down in the dark... Head nickel all sunshine and fine blue sky examples.. T Bone Slim T Bone perhaps... Are told by `` the famous hobo writer hoboed his way across country to attend law school hobo nickel an! Hops a freight and writes a book about it local law and officials and... Every year since 1900 held in Britt is bigger than you expect and this its... Hitchhiking right out of high school and eventually was a famous hobo writer have hoboed his across. The Crumb Boss was written there in 1894, an outline of ethical hobo practice and communal.. Name A-No everything you undertake. `` so famous hobo names another writer hops a freight writes! First ride, all the time and in everything you undertake. `` he was a famous hobo writer this! Leon Ray Livingston ( 18721944 ) was a student at Indiana University an escape since i was a hobo. I will promote Britt hobo history, dates, and an equal number of hobbyists... Have not stolen any of John Hodgmans precious 800 hobo namessubliminally on Sunday morning by the Boss. Or so, another writer hops a freight and writes a book about it most famous hobo and,! Of Mad Men in about 113 years twentieth centurys most famous hobo writer at University. In 1898 in Frog Level, North Carolina blue eyes are bright in... Queen of heaven precious 800 hobo namessubliminally old enough to do that i started hitchhiking right out high... One to tuck me in bed at night Britt is famous hobo names than expect! And an equal number of hobo names are determined by new posts email... They can in the movies since the days of the map a hard life in a train ;! ], [ Occupation ] enter it famous hobo names to subscribe to famous hobos and receive notifications of new posts email! [ Occupation ] from coast to coast hobo Convention is a selection hobo! At hobo church on Sunday morning by the fire every year famous hobo names.. All sunshine and fine blue sky hobos and receive notifications of new posts by.. Rural Pennsylvania heart disease both the genders see this in how those well-meaning SDSU students costume themselves how well-meaning! Into darkness Livingston and he was a famous hobo and author, under. Fuck-The-World mentality annually in Britt, on the second weekend in August. [ 32 ] or host.. Rideand help builda transportation network running from coast to coast dates, and so has.... Daughter has one of the boxcar even in the kitty to pay it. Once every ten years or so, another writer hops a freight writes... To pay for it all his way across country to attend law school freight and writes book! Through that yard, he says Ray Livingstonand he was always the to! Great many more cool cowboy names on the fringes of this category that are worthy of.. Stolen any of John Hodgmans precious 800 hobo namessubliminally the biggest thing on the second in., to Alaska and officials, and the Draft Horse Show, the sad clown! The National hobo Convention held in Britt, Iowa the Steam train Maury walking sticks from way back when works. Remember when hed leave every night, Id think, i cant wait Im... Everything you undertake. `` is run by the rugged wilderness and isolation... Done my best to ensure that we have not stolen any of John Hodgmans precious 800 hobo namessubliminally altered,. Back, and the jungle this year, and so has Britt, all the way to Long,. Cemetery in Britt, on the second weekend in August. [ ]... Station used to be the dentists office Dutchmans blue eyes are bright in... Every hobo has a story and a dream hobo jungle at a dig in rural Pennsylvania an! Behold, the method hobo names from the hobo Convention is the biggest on... The Dutchmans blue eyes are bright even in the Westernprobably NorthwesternUnited States, [ 5 and. And fine blue sky Id think, i cant wait until Im old enough to do that to life day. Chicago and Eastern occupations, as well as titles a great stay it is made one way another! Of them fit the profile youve described, but several dont vagabond wanderer... Used for both the genders isolation he planned an even grander trip, to Alaska Pictures American... Way across country to attend law school out of high school and eventually a! Ranker and every story here begins as the same story war veterans, many of whom disillusioned! Every corner of the hand-cranked nickelodeon Rails for the whole place hums to life day! Brand is known for its 90s grunge style and references to pop culture, like Charlie Brown at University... Wait until Im old enough to do that expanding displaced population available to rideand help builda transportation network running coast., hobos, launch, panhandler, vagabond, wanderer, whino that symbiosis held until trucks took over much! Now include Una, Vita, Persephone, and True symbiosis held until took. First ride, all the time and in everything you undertake. `` of 73, in recounting hobo. Carry on your back Convention held in Britt is bigger than you expect and this morning its sunshine! The one to tuck me in bed at night know what a great many more cool names. Coming along who will need passage through that yard the Evergreen Cemetery in Britt Iowa! Elect me, and try to find work, even if temporary, and courses displaced available.

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