D. when international conditions are stable. C. results of public opinion polls taken just before the convention begins. Powers expressly granted to the president under Article II of the Constitution. 5. Which of the following is NOT true of the 2004 presidential election? E. is subordinate to the Supreme Court. Presumably this power arises from the Commander in Chief Clause, read to convey independent substantive power to the President to direct the military on matters not related to war initiation. The most prominent of these is directing [military] operations, the power conveyed to Congress in the Articles but omitted from Congresss powers in the Constitution. Thus, as Chief Justice Chase explained in his concurring opinion in Ex parte Milligan (1866), the Commander in Chief Clause enshrines the Presidents authority not just over the command of the forces, but also over the conduct of campaigns. And as Barron and Lederman explain, more than 200 years of usage and court precedents reflect the view that the Commander in Chief Clause does confer broad substantive war powers on the President.. Since its invention at the Constitutional Convention of 1787, the presidential office has gradually become more powerful, giving its occupants a far-greater chance to exercise leadership at home and abroad. $39.95. A. momentum. The continuing belief that Truman had trapped the United States in an unwinnable land war in Asia by crossing the 38th Parallel in Korea, the distress at Johnsons judgment in leading the country into Vietnam, and the perception that Nixon had prolonged the war there for another four yearsa war that would cost the lives of more than 58,000 U.S. troops, more than in any foreign war save for World War IIprovoked national cynicism about presidential leadership. E. was introduced during the Cleveland era. Thus, in a pair of 1918 Supreme Court rulingsthe Selective Draft Law Cases and Cox v. Woodthe Justices concluded that the Calling Forth Clause does not in fact limit the circumstances in which the government may call out the militia, upholding the constitutionality of a draft designed to recruit soldiers to fight in World War I, a purely foreign conflict. Political scientist Aaron Wildavsky's "two presidencies" thesis holds that a president is likely to be most successful with Congress on policy initiatives involving C. House and Senate in a joint session. Examples include issuing executive orders and negotiating executive agreements. A president's power has largely depended on whether circumstances favor strong presidential leadership. An executive branch led by a single person. The President has the power either to sign legislation into law or to veto bills enacted by Congress, although Congress may override a veto with a two-thirds vote of both houses. 1892 ________ was known as the "Great Communicator". Second, and in contrast to the experience under the Articles of Confederation, it places such civilian superintendence in the hands of a single person. Direct link to Heaven's post how did Jefferson expand , Posted 2 years ago. In the ensuing unrest, four students at Kent State University in Ohio and two at Jackson State University in Mississippi were fatally shot by National Guard troops and police, respectively. A. Kennedy joked, The worse I do, the more popular I get.. Truman could enter the Korean conflict without having to seek Congressional approval simply by describing the deployment of U.S. troops as a police action taken in conjunction with the United Nations. Carter could justify the secrecy as essential to the mission, but after sandstorms and a helicopter crash aborted it, confidence in independent executive action waned. E. None of these answers is correct. B. America became more of a world power. At the same time, he unilaterally chose not to expand the conflict into Iraq, but even that assertion of power was seen as a bow to Congressional and public opposition to a wider war. E. 1939. 4. D. George W. Bush Council of Economic Advisers. D. George W. Bush E. environmental policy. It prohibits the president from sending troops into combat. So construed, the Calling Forth Clause undermines the ever-more-visible arguments in favor of strong and unilateral domestic presidential war powers. 25. C. 2 Sollenberger and Mark J. Rozell. He shall have Power, by and with the Advice and Consent of the Senate, to make Treaties, provided two thirds of the Senators present concur; and he shall nominate, and by and with the Advice and Consent of the Senate, shall appoint Ambassadors, other public Ministers and Consuls, Judges of the supreme Court, and all other Officers of the United States, whose Appointments are not herein otherwise provided for, and which shall be established by Law: but the Congress may by Law vest the Appointment of such inferior Officers, as they think proper, in the President alone, in the Courts of Law, or in the Heads of Departments. Thus, for example, rules regarding how prisoners are to be treated, whether civilians may be targeted and how intelligence may be gathered by the military seem fully within Congresss enumerated power. D. presidential nominee's choice of a running mate. Direct link to Hecretary Bird's post Generally, the president', Posted 3 years ago. His decision rested on two fears: that Castro represented an advance wave of a Communist assault on Latin America, and that if Kennedy aborted the invasion, he would be vulnerable to domestic political attacks as a weak leader whose temporizing would encourage Communist aggression. Which of the following did the framers want from a president? C. office in which power is conditional, depending on whether the political support that gives force to presidential leadership exists or can be developed. D. They can only be made with the approval of a president's entire cabinet. C. Maine and Nebraska. One of the most important of the President's domestic powers is the power to veto bills (laws). The answer, as it turns out, is a series of Supreme Court decisions that have largely mooted any argument that the Clause imposes substantive limits on the federal government. D. the endorsement of the mass media. A. the inability of the president to influence the legislative priorities of Congress, even though the party in power pays lip-service to the president's agenda Which of the following happened in the presidential election of 2000? D. staging of personal appearances. What did the Supreme Court rule about executive agreements in 1937? Having a single executive could lead to tyranny due to the fact that they would not have to check with other powers and could use all of the power to themselves. Direct link to kgandes's post What's the difference bet. D. It requires the president to inform Congress within one month of the reason for the military action. 35. George H.W. The issue of accountability is with us still. 6. B. But as the cold war accelerated events overseas, Johnson assumed he had license to make unilateral judgments on how to proceed in Vietnam. He sought to act only within the confines of expressly-granted constitutional authority. Formal powers of the president Informal powers of the president Issuing signing statements indicating the president's intentions for executing a law are an informal presidential power that has become more prevalent in the modern era. The national government prior to the Constitution lacked separation of powers, combining legislative and executive power in a single multi-member entity, and it was thought defective on that ground. S ince the founding of this republic there has been debate about the proper scope of the executive branch. B. According to Professor Hargrove's theory of presidential success, a presidency of achievement occurs because a. there is an unbreakable cycle to presidential leadership, whereby success alwaysfollows after failure. B. John Kerry accepted federal matching funds in the primaries. Of course, there can simply be no question that the Constitution empowers the federal government, acting in concert, to act decisivelyand expeditiouslyduring domestic emergencies; the Constitution, after all, is not a suicide pact. But it is not nearly as straight a line from accepting that point to accepting a sweeping and potentially preclusive domestic Commander in Chief power. B. What aspect of presidential election did Andrew Jackson try but fail to achieve? AP Photo. A president's accomplishments have largely depended on A. the president's ability to come up with good ideas. Perhaps the lesson to be taken from the presidents since Kennedy is one Arthur Schlesinger suggested almost 40 years ago, writing about Nixon: The effective means of controlling the presidency lay less in law than in politics. D. have expanded in practice to be more powerful than the writers of the Constitution intended. Disputes concerning the scope of the Presidents unilateral authority under the Commander in Chief Clauseparticularly of latehave tended to neglect the potential significance of other constitutional provisions in understanding the Constitutions separation of emergency powers. Contrary to the first view, the Constitution expressly gives Congress significant power over the military. As James Reston wrote in his column for the New York Times, The problems before the Kennedy Administration on Inauguration Day are much more difficult than the nation has yet come to believe.. In mid-November, 74 percent of Americans approved of the way John Kennedy is handling his job as President, a clear endorsement of his resolution of the missile crisis. The President's Czars: Undermining Congress and the Constitution. C. Al Gore won a slim majority of votes in the Electoral College. A. must be at least 40 years of age Congress authorized an official impeachment investigation of How did Theodore Roosevelt change the conception of the presidency? Which of the following describes what political scientist Hugh Heclo calls "the illusion of presidential government"? D. command of the military This is the president's A. His intent was to build a consensus not merely for the quarantine but also for any potential military conflict with the Soviet Union. 12. Jimmy Carter's Early Life and Start in Politics. Thus Congresss order not to burn New York City during the retreat would be unconstitutional under the 1789 Constitution, although general regulations on the treatment of civilian property would not be. B. enjoyed Republican majorities in both houses of Congress. D. have expanded in practice to be more powerful than the writers of the Constitution intended. To counter perceptions of poor leadership, the White House issued a statement saying, President Kennedy has stated from the beginning that as President he bears sole responsibility. The president himself declared, Im the responsible officer of the Government. In response, the country rallied to his side: two weeks after the debacle, 61 percent of the respondents to an opinion survey said that they backed the presidents handling [of] the situation in Cuba, and his overall approval rating was 83 percent. But in his third month, the president learned that executive direction of foreign policy also carried liabilities. 29. D. the Federal Bureau of Investigation Congress proved so inept in foreign affairs that the American people demanded a change. E. Calvin Coolidge. What did Alexander Hamilton argue about war in Federalist No. D. House and Senate in separate proceedings. Congress can no more interfere with the Presidents conduct of the interrogation of enemy combatants than it can dictate strategic or tactical decisions on the battlefield. 21. The debate over China's peace proposal also carried over to a special . B. the presidential image-building through public relations that contributes to the idea that the president is in charge of the national government A. Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchevs decision to place medium- and intermediate-range ballistic missiles in Cuba in September 1962 threatened to eliminate Americas strategic nuclear advantage over the Soviet Union and presented a psychological, if not an actual military, threat to the United States. The War Powers Resolution (WPR), passed by Congress over President Nixon's veto in 1973, was intended to correct concerns about a growing imbalance in the constitutional division of war powers between the legislative and executive branches. Which of the following states gives one Electoral College vote to the winner of each congressional district and two Electoral College votes to the statewide winner? A. I B. George H. W. Bush The presidential advisory unit that, as a whole, has declined significantly as an advisory resource for the president in the twentieth century is the Delegated powers are those given to the president by Congress to "take Care that the Laws be faithfully executed," as Article II states. The Supreme Court, in ruling in 1974 that Nixon had to release White House tape recordings that revealed his actions on Watergate, reined in presidential powers and reasserted the influence of the judiciary. Just as statutes that order the President to conduct warfare in a certain manner or for specific goals would be unconstitutional, so too are laws that seek to prevent the President from gaining the intelligence he believes necessary to prevent attacks upon the United States. A. grant all their electoral votes as a unit to the candidate who wins the state's popular vote. E. poor circumstance related to the economy. B. John Kerry accepted federal matching funds in the primaries. D. must be a white male 27. E. None of these answers is correct. The Executive Office of the President (EOP) was created in ________. C. the U.S. Senate Kennedy won the presidency just as that conflict was assuming a new urgency. 2023 Smithsonian Magazine Chastened by the tyranny of George III . 47. University Press of Kansas. E. 1992, 18. A. the margin of victory in the presidential campaign. Direct link to Miguel Breton's post What are the benefits of , Posted a year ago. E. Building a strong military for engagement in foreign wars would be a key ingredient to establishing executive authority. E. the State of the Union address. in this article we highlight a formal basis for presidential power that has gone largely unappreciated to this point, but has become so pivotal to presidential leadership and so central to an understanding of presidential power that it virtually defines what is distinctively modern about the modern presidency. Almost always, the focus has been on the veto power, and questions have cen-tered on how much leverage this gives presidents to shape legislative outcomes. D. A surprise attack on the United States is the only justification for war by presidential action. The Expanding Power of the Presidency. Examples include making treaties, commanding the military, appointing Supreme Court justices, and vetoing legislation. For example, multiple Presidents have claimed that the War Powers Resolution, which limits the Presidents ability to deploy troops into hostilities without Congresss approval, is unconstitutional on this ground. C. New York After the Korean War had become a stalemate, a majority of Americans described their countrys participation in the conflict as a mistakeand Trumans approval ratings fell into the twenties. C. John Kennedy D. of the desire of U.S. business to expand into Latin America and Asia, which required executive action at the highest level. Role as commander-in-chief - What presidents have used this power to expand the presidency. C. the president's ability to come up with good ideas. The framers want from a president 's entire cabinet include issuing executive orders and negotiating executive agreements in?! This republic there has been debate about the proper scope of the following describes political. D. command of the president & # x27 ; s a conflict was assuming a urgency... Breton 's post what are the benefits of, Posted 2 years ago of strong a president's power has largely depended on! 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