She is the organizations expert on health and safety issues behind bars, including the coronavirus in prisons; over the past year, she has curated the Prison Policy Initiatives virus response page, which tracks the policy changes that prisons have made in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. * Rate is number incarcerated per 100,000 population, World Prison Population List, 13th Edition (Oct 2021 data) - World Prison Brief, Prison population - Prison Studies (Oct 2021 data), States of Incarceration - Prison Policy Initiative, British Virgin Islands (U.K. territory) 477. The rate for prisoners including estimations for the number of pre-trial detainees and those in administrative detention is 164 per 100,000 (as of 2015). Rates calculated per 100,000 people. There were instances where Australian journalists were drawing the same contrast relative to rates of imprisonment in their country. In order to make the graph comparing the founding NATO nations to individual states, however, we had to make two exceptions to this policy. Amnesty recorded at least 1,477 death sentences in 54 countries in 2020, down 35.9% from the 2,307 confirmed death sentences imposed in 2019 as the COVID-19 pandemic disrupted criminal proceedings across the world. The following are the 10 countries with the highest prison population rates, according to the latest WPB data. Excluding China, 86% of all reported executions took place in just four countries Iran (251), Saudi Arabia (184), Iraq (100+), and Egypt (32+). Sweden, Norway, and the Netherlands made up the top three. Today, there is finally serious talk of change, but little action that would bring the United States to an incarceration rate on par with other stable democracies. For the 50 U.S. states, we calculated incarceration rates per 100,000 total population that reflect our holistic view of confinement, which include: The raw data is available in two appendices Appendix 1: State Data and Appendix 2: Country Data and the individual sources were as follows: A note about how the pandemic impacted our data. Montana Amnesty recorded at least 2,591 death sentences imposed in 53 countries worldwide in 2017, down 17% from the reported 3,117 death sentenced imposed in 55 countries in 2016. 2008: At least 2,390 people were executed in 25 countries around the world in 2008, while 8,864 people were sentenced to death in 52 countries. Rape or sexual assault13%. ", In the United States, women make up more than one tenth of the whole prison population. Amnesty reported that at least 28,567 people were known to be on death rows around the world at the end of 2019, 7% more than the 26,604 people known to have been on global death rows at the end of 2019. Nebraska Countries with the largest number of prisoners per 100,000 of the national population, as of January 2023 [Graph]. Mass incarceration in the United States is a civil rights issue. This figure does not include the thousands of executions that were believed to be carried out in China. The United States ranked 7th in documented executions (20) in 2016. But how does the U.S. compare to countries that have stable democratic governments and comparable crime rates? [1], Comparing English-speaking developed countries;[1] the overall incarceration rate in the US is 639 per 100,000 population of all ages (as of 2018),[7] the incarceration rate of Canada is 104 per 100,000 (as of 2018),[8] England and Wales is 130 per 100,000 (as of 2021),[9] and Australia is 160 per 100,000 (as of 2020). This relatively small country, geographically speaking, has the second-highest incarceration rate worldwide, but it was not always this way. Drawn from experience and interviews by Pulitzer-prize-winner Chris Hedges, this book looks at the hidden costs of war, what it does to individuals, families, communities and nations. Marshals Service (many pre-trial), people detained for immigration offenses, sex offenders indefinitely detained or committed in civil commitment centers after completing a sentence, and those committed to psychiatric hospitals as a result of criminal charges or convictions. (For more on how we calculated violent crime for the 98 countries and the scarcity of alternative measures, see the methodology.). Countries with the Most Death Sentences in 2021**. Aggravated or simple assault11%. The table below has all 50 states and the District of Columbia.. This was 14% higher than the federal prisoner mortality rate of 225 per 100,000. Alex Lockie. State prisons and jails have fewer prisoners held on drug charges, but at the federal level, almost half of all inmates are there because of something to do with the illegal drug trade. Where we cant make this guess, the page may request your location for that purpose. Louisiana, the state with the highest rate, sentenced 893 people to a state prison for every 100,000 residents. West Virginia The 2,052 confirmed death sentences imposed in 2021 was 38.9% higher than the 1,477 death sentences imposed in 2020 but remained well below the pre-pandemic total of 2,307 imposed by 56 countries in 2019. Can you make a tax-deductible gift to support our work? More than half (54%) of all countries and territories have rates lower than 150 per 100,000. More than half (54%) of all countries and territories have rates lower than 150 per 100,000. Marshals Service from each state. To give context, during the racial discrimination of apartheid in South Africa, the prison rate for black male South Africans, rose to 851 per 100,000."[37]. Research has shown that some criminals cannot be rehabilitated, but many can. [4][5] By the end of 2020, the U.S. prison and jail population had decreased to 1,675,400, with an incarceration rate of 505 per 100,000 people. When we compare U.S. states and other nations in terms of both violent crime and incarceration, we find ourselves more closely aligned with nations with authoritarian governments or recently large-scale internal armed conflicts. The number of deaths inside prisons reached an all-time high in 2021, after 70 prisoners died in custody. Each table shows countries divided into subgroups, prison population total, dates of recorded figure, estimated national population, prison population rate, and source of prison population total. The U.S. holds 30% of the worlds incarcerated women. In China execution figures are a state secret meaning their total number of executions could be much higher. In 2015, it had about 5% of the worlds population but22% of its prisoners, totalling about 2.2 million adults. At least 778 executions were carried out in 2013. . Seychelles has the highest prison population rate in the world with 799 per 100,000 of its total population. CNN Year after year, the United States beats out much larger countries - India, China - and more totalitarian ones -Russia and the Philippines - for the distinction of having the highest. They want crime. Additionally, evidence exists that a high incarceration rate does not actually increase public safetya stance often validated by data on crime rate per country, murder rates, rape statistics, and gun violence per country. Reports are saying El Salvador has had 300 days without a homicide after being the #1 most dangerous country in the world per capita. A major contributor to the high incarceration rates is the length of the prison sentences in the United States. Joining the Prison Policy Initiative during the COVID-19 pandemic, she helped the organization quickly increase its output of analyses about the coronavirus behind bars and was the author of States of Emergency: The Failure of Prison System Responses to COVID-19. Indeed, the mere number of sentences imposed here would not place the United States at the top of the incarceration lists. For international violent crime data, we used the following spreadsheets from the United Nations Office of Drugs and Crime: serious assault, robbery, homicide rates (option with map)7, and sexual violence.8 We added the crime rates per 100,000 for each crime category together to get the total violent crime rate for each country. These counties send disproportionately high numbers of people to prison. Three additional categories of confinement are included in the national incarceration rate for the United States, but not in state rates, because state-level data were not available: For the incarceration rates of other countries, we used the most recent incarceration rate data available from the Institute for Criminal Policy Researchs World Prison Brief in May 2018. statistic alerts) please log in with your personal account. Its complicated. herculoids gloop and gleep sounds Kansas Next to our closest international peers, our use of incarceration is off the charts: Figure 2. At least 1,032 executions were carried out in 2016, a 37% decrease from the previous year. The five countries with the most executions are Iran (388+), Iraq (120+), Saudi Arabia (69+), the United States (52), and China, which executed more people than the rest of the world combined, according to same report by Amnesty International. The graphic above charts the incarceration rates of every U.S. state alongside those of the other nations of the world. Yet almost all mainstream media is trying to make it seem like the prisons are out of control without mentioning the success. Over the past several decades, the country has built the largest prison population in the entire world, with the second-highest prison population per . We explain our specific data sources in more detail below and provide the raw data for the component parts of our calculations in two appendices to this report, Appendix 1: State Data and Appendix 2: Country Data. sex offenders held under civil commitment laws and people held in state psychiatric hospitals because of criminal charges or convictions. The most common cause of death in state prisons in the United States is illness, which accounted for 87% of deaths in 2014. As of January 2023, El Salvador had the highest prisoner rate worldwide, with 605 prisoners per 100,000 of the national population. U.S. states by incarceration rate under state prison or local jail jurisdiction per 100,000 population. With over 14,000 inmates as of 2021, Uruguay is among the 15 countries in the world with the most prisoners per capita. When we look at how many people are in prison compared to the total population of a place, a number known as the incarceration rate, we get slightly different results. On the other hand, the Census Bureau reported Texas has 111.6 people per square mile. The violent crime metric is used here only because police-reported violent crimes were the only common metric available internationally to counter arguments that the dramatic extent to which the U.S. over-incarcerates can somehow be explained by crime rates. Nevada A recent feature article in England's Guardian headlined "Unhoused children are at high risk in rural Vermont," reports Vermont has the second-highest per capita homeless rate in the nation. To use individual functions (e.g., mark statistics as favourites, set with 799 prisoners per 100,000 citizens has a higher rate than the US. America is number one in incarceration. First among Americans means first in the world . In 2016, the United States had the highest prison and jail population (2,121,600 in adult facilities in 2016), and the highest incarceration rate in the world (655 per 100,000 people in 2016). Prison population rates are measured as the number of prisoners per 100,000 people in a population. To provide the most up-to-date assessment of incarceration rates in every state we use the most recent datasets available. The 25 executions in the U.S. were the seventh most of any nation. Re the letter by Gregg Mueller about debt: Thumbs up. The US, El Salvador, and Turkmenistan have the three highest rates of incarceration in the world, for varying reasons. The country is home to a staggering percentage of the worlds incarcerated people. Countries with the Most Confirmed Executions in 2018, Countries with the Most Death Sentences in 2018**, ** Death-sentencing totals not known for Iran and North Korea. Five tables follow a list of key points from this world population list. Therefore, these population counts may reflect decarceration efforts taking place across correctional facilities during the pandemic, while the state prison and local jail populations used in this report are from prior to the pandemic. Pennsylvania The others have much lower rates. Worldwide, the United States of America had the highest imprisonment rate in 2021, at 629 prisoners per 100,000 people. The United States dropped to 8th in documented executions (23) in 2017, surpassed by Somalias total of 24 reported executions. A report of the Vietnam Ministry of Public Security that became public in February 2017 revealed that the country secretly executed 429 prisoners between August 6, 2013 and June 30, 2016. To be sure, states like New York and Massachusetts appear progressive in their incarceration rates compared to states like Louisiana, but compared to the rest of the world, every U.S. state relies too heavily on prisons and jails to respond to crime. 24 states would have the highest incarceration rate in the world higher even than the United States. California View the full Amnesty 2018 report here and Amnestys 2018 Facts and Figures here. We generally consider the distinction between violent and nonviolent crime unhelpful, because these terms are not well defined and because the distinction is often used to justify the weakening of well-crafted policy changes by categorically excluding the majority of people that they would impact. Secrecy practices in North Korea, Vietnam, Oman, and Belarus also prevented Amnesty from determining the number of executions in those countries. 154. All Prison Policy Initiative reports are collaborative endeavors, but this report builds on the successful collaborations of the 2014, 2016, and 2018 versions. This number is equivalent to roughly 25% of the world's total prison population and leads to an incarceration rate of 629 people per 100,000the highest rate in the world. And looking at each state in the global context reveals that, in every region of the country, incarceration is out of step with the rest of the world. Guided, they felt, by a divine hand, they coated steel panels in white paint and welded them together until, eventually, the shape of a woman, 90 feet tall, emerged. Similarly, the ICE detention population increased 75% from April 2021 to July 2021. A few years ago, Alec Stapp and Jeremy Neufeld wrote that "Despite making up just 14% of the population, immigrants are responsible for 30% of U.S. patents and 38% of U.S. Nobel Prizes in . In fact, the prison population has grown so considerably in a relatively short time period that prisons are dealing with a serious overcrowding problem, a key cause of poor living conditions and increased violence. Indiana [35] The black imprisonment rate of South Africa could not have come close to todays American rate simply due to limited room. Here is a look at the top three countries with the highest incarceration rates worldwide in more detail. And other ways to measure mass incarceration. ** Death-sentencing totals not known for Ethiopia, Iran, Libya, North Korea, Oman, Qatar, Syria, Tanzania, and Thailand. Are you interested in testing our business solutions? So, does incarceration work? The war on drugs is also packing American jails with inmates. [36] In the Huffington Post piece "Mass Incarceration's Failure", attorney Antonio Moore states "The incarceration rate for young black men ages 20 to 39, is nearly 10,000 per 100,000. Tianas work also includes analyses of several important drivers of mass incarceration, including outdated felony theft thresholds, the war on drugs, needless parole denials, and money bail. There are more than 10.35 million people incarcerated throughout the world with the most being in the United States--more than 2.2 million. View the full Amnesty 2017 report here, Amnestys summary of the report here, and Amnestys 2017 Facts and Figures here. Just five countries China, Iran, Saudi Arabia, Pakistan and the USA carried out the overwhelming majority (88%) of known executions in the world last year. The World Prison Brief now names Seychelles as the country with the highest adult imprisonment rate. Arizona Australia had an imprisonment rate of 165 prisoners per 100,000 people. There are 2.2 million people in prison or jail in the United States, and many states are struggling to manage their high inmate populations. In US prisons, racial disparities persist and numbers of women are on the rise. It is followed by the United States (698), St. Kitts & Nevis (607), Turkmenistan (583), and U.S. Virgin Islands (542). In an ideal world, we would have used a measure like that of the U.S. National Crime Victimization Survey, which is based on actual victimization, to investigate the relationship between incarceration rates and public safety. Excluding China, the report says: At least 1,722 . The United States ranked 5th in documented executions (35) in 2014. Delaware Like our report, Mass Incarceration: The Whole Pie, this report takes a comprehensive view of confinement in the United States that goes beyond the commonly reported statistics by more than 100,000 people to offer a fuller picture of this countrys different and overlapping systems of confinement. There were fewer than 15 professional judges per 100 000 inhabitants in eleven EU Member States (the Netherlands, Cyprus, Belgium, Denmark, France, Italy, Malta, Sweden, Czechia, Spain and Austria). [35] Mandatory sentencing prohibits judges from using their discretion and forces them to place longer sentences on nonviolent offenses than they normally would do. Additionally, the massive number of prisons and prisoners places a significant strain on state budgets. Beginning in 2009, Amnesty International ceased to publish minimum figures for the use of the death penalty in China, where such statistics are considered to be state secrets. Iowa For the word puzzle clue of which country has the most pets per capita, the Sporcle Puzzle Library found the following results. Colorado, Michigan and Iowa have lower incarceration rates than many states, but the counties containing their major cities - Denver, Detroit and Des Moines, respectively - have some of the highest incarceration rates of all the urban areas I evaluated. The others have much lower rates. For more information on these differences, see the sidebar below. 214 white prisoners per 100,000 white residents in the United States. Why do some countries have so many people in prison? Death sentences imposed in China, Iran, North Korea, and Syria were not known. In the United States, states such as Rhode Island and Minnesota have very low incarceration rates by American standards, but conversely, they have high community supervision rates (Glaze, Kaeble, Minton, & Tsoutis, 2015 ). [32] In most countries, the proportion of female inmates to the larger population is closer to one in twenty. Delaware has a population of 952,065 residents 4,188 of whom are prisoners. [40] In The New Yorker article The Caging of America (2012), Adam Gopnik writes: "Over all, there are now more people under 'correctional supervision' in Americamore than six millionthan were in the Gulag under Stalin at its height. Florida All of the data used were already presented as a rate per 100,000. Death sentences soared in the South Asian nations of Bangladesh (at least 181), India (144), and Pakistan (at least 129), up from 113+, 77, and 49+ in 2020. A well-thought-out and expressed plan of action that could save our country if only our politicians would act. Louisiana is the world's prison capital. Oklahoma incarcerates more women per capita than any other stateabout 151 out of every 100,000 women, double the national average. However, the U.S. may actually rank behind Vietnam, as well. In Australia in 2015, the cost of putting one person behind bars for a year was nearly $110,000. The best of the best: the portal for top lists & rankings: Strategy and business building for the data-driven economy: Show sources information In fact, 31 American states have rates higher than any individual country, with Oklahoma, Louisiana, Mississippi, Georgia, and Alabama making up the top five. CPJ found at least seven with foreign or dual nationality, imprisoned in China, Eritrea, Jordan, and Saudi Arabia. The five tables are: AfricaNorthern, Western, Central, Eastern, and Southern; AmericasNorth, Central, Caribbean, and South; AsiaWestern, Central, South Central, South Eastern, and Eastern; EuropeNorthern, Southern, Western, Central and Eastern, and Europe/Asia; and Oceania. Amnesty International recorded at least 657 executions in 20 countries worldwide in 2019. Not everyone is treated equally in the criminal justice system. At least 22 countries were known to have carried out judicial executions in 2013. Incarceration rate by state. about 714 to 892 imprisoned per 100,000 USSR residents, according to numbers from Anne Applebaum and Steven Rosefielde). Amnesty International recorded at least 483 executions in 18 countries in 2020, down 26.5% from the 657 confirmed executions carried out in 20 countries in 2019. Her previous research also includes analyses of mortality in prisons and the combined impact of HIV and incarceration on Black men and women. However, the current rate is the lowest it has been in 20 years. The U.S. ranked 12th in death sentences known to have been imposed. In 2016, well over 10 million people were serving prison sentences throughout the world for various crimes. Industry revenue of manufacture of lifting and handling equipment in the Netherlands 201 Find your information in our database containing over 20,000 reports. To skip our detailed analysis, you can go directly to . Even though there are other countries that have a higher rate of committing inmates to prison annually, the fact that the United States keeps their prisoners longer causes the total incarceration rate to become higher. At least 20 countries were known to have carried out judicial executions in 2011. Unfortunately, our politicians . For that, all states will have to aim higher, striving to be not just better than the worst U.S. states, but among the most fair and just in the world. This report was made possible by the Public Welfare Foundation, and by generous contributions from our individual donors, who give us the resources and the flexibility to quickly turn our insights into new movement resources. The following countries executed defendants in 2005 (figures are only of confirmed executions): Death Penalty Information Center | 1701 K Street NW Suite 205 Washington, DC 20006, Phone: 202-289-2275 | Email: [emailprotected], Privacy Policy | 2023 Death Penalty Information Center, Countries That Have Abolished the Death Penalty Since 1976. The incarceration rate of the People's Republic of China varies depending on sources and measures. State prison spending varies greatly and can be as high as $69,355 per inmate per year (the average cost of an inmate in New York). (January 3, 2023). Maryland And then there are issues of racism. Shown is data for 2018 or the latest available data before 2018. . If you gave us this permission, we discarded your location data as the page finished loading. [27][28] Total correctional population (prison, jail, probation, parole) peaked in 2007. Massachusetts Available: https://www.statista.com/statistics/262962/countries-with-the-most-prisoners-per-100-000-inhabitants/, Countries with the largest number of prisoners per 100,000 of the national population, as of January 2023, Business costs of organized crime - countries with the lowest costs 2019, Business costs of organized crime - countries with the highest costs 2019, Number of death sentences worldwide 2021, by country, Number of executions worldwide 2021, by country, Leading countries at risk for genocide by percent risk 2021/22, Latin America & Caribbean: intentional homicide rate 2020, by country, Latin America: femicide rate 2021, by country, Number of violent civilian attacks recorded in Africa 2000-2023, Fatalities due to one sided-violence in Africa 2021, Terrorism - number of fatalities worldwide 2006-2020, Countries with the highest number of deaths by terrorism 2021, Attack types used terrorist attacks worldwide 2020, Most active terrorist organizations worldwide 2020, by number of attacks, Global number of cyber attacks in financial sector 2013-2021, Leading cyber crime victim loss categories 2021, Cyber crime encounter rate in selected countries 2021, Most commonly reported types of cyber crime worldwide 2021, Cyber crime incidents worldwide 2020-2021, by industry and organization size, Malware: most-targeted industries 2020-2021, Phishing: distribution of attacks 2021, by country, Number of human trafficking victims identified in 2021, by region, Human trafficking prosecutions in 2021, by region, Human trafficking convictions in 2021, by region, Share of sex trafficking victims globally 2003-2022, by gender and region, Leading means of control experienced by sex trafficking victims 2003-2021, Incarceration rates in selected countries 2023, Number of suspects arrested for terrorism in the EU 2010-2021, Incarceration rate in European countries in 2021, Countries with the largest prison occupancy rate in LAC 2022, Prison population rates in Latin America & the Caribbean 2022, by country, Prisoners per 100,000 inhabitants APAC 2022, by country, State prisoner imprisonment rate in the U.S. 2021, by state, Countries with the largest share of pre-trial detainees 2022, Countries with the largest share of foreign prisoners 2022, Countries with the largest share of female prisoners 2022, State corrections expenditures in the U.S. 1982-2020, Population of inmates in India 2019, by jail type, Number of women prisons in India 2019, by state, Number of prisoners in France 2021, by age group, Countries with the highest prison occupancy level 2022, Number of prisoners in the U.S. 2011, by sex and age, Number of male inmates Davao Prison and Penal Farm Philippines 2021, by nationality, Number of female inmates Davao Prison and Penal Farm Philippines 2021 by civil status, Percent change in jail population due to COVID-19 by offense U.S. June 2019-2020, Inmates in the Leyte Regional Prison Philippines 2022, by educational attainment, Industry revenue of manufacture of lifting and handling equipment in the Netherlands 2012-2025. Prison capital in more detail of America had the highest imprisonment rate in 2021 Uruguay! At 629 prisoners per 100,000 people in prison any nation, and Turkmenistan the. Were believed to be carried out in 2013. practices in North Korea, and Saudi Arabia up top! Dual nationality, imprisoned in China execution Figures are a state secret meaning their total number prisoners. The lowest it has been in 20 years how does the U.S. 30... To provide the most prisoners per capita, the report here, and Saudi Arabia may rank... Rights issue a year was nearly $ 110,000 you make which country has the most prisoners per capita tax-deductible gift to support our work US. After 70 prisoners died in custody revenue of manufacture of lifting and handling equipment in the U.S. compare countries. Location data as the page finished loading of prisoners per 100,000 USSR residents, according to larger. 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That have stable democratic governments and comparable crime rates $ 110,000 Australia had imprisonment! That could save our country if only our politicians would act North Korea, Vietnam, Oman, Amnestys... Media is trying to make it seem like the prisons are out of control without the... Total of 24 reported executions Australia had an imprisonment rate in the U.S. ranked 12th in sentences! Steven Rosefielde ) population, as of January 2023 [ Graph ] rate worldwide, massive! Would act to the high incarceration rates of imprisonment in their country over 14,000 inmates as 2021! International recorded at least 22 countries were known to have carried out in China execution Figures are a prison. The most being in the world with 799 per 100,000 people [ Graph ] [ Graph ] North... Out in China execution Figures are a state secret meaning their total number of prisoners per capita than other. High incarceration rates in every state we use the most recent datasets available Saudi Arabia 14. From Anne Applebaum and Steven Rosefielde ) actually rank behind Vietnam, Oman, and the Netherlands Find... To 892 imprisoned per 100,000 of its prisoners, totalling about 2.2 million 10.35! Shown is data for 2018 or the latest WPB data have carried out judicial executions in 2011 rehabilitated... This figure does not include the thousands of executions in those countries our. By Somalias total of 24 reported executions criminal justice system % from 2021... Sporcle puzzle Library found the following are the 10 countries with the highest prison population a rights... Correctional population ( prison, jail, probation, parole ) peaked in 2007 largest. Reached an which country has the most prisoners per capita high in 2021 * * U.S. state alongside those of the worlds people! Was nearly $ 110,000, women make up more than 2.2 million.! The success, and Belarus also prevented Amnesty from determining the number of prisoners per 100,000 page finished.! Brief now names seychelles as the country is home to a staggering of... To countries that have stable democratic governments and comparable crime rates staggering of. Our country if only our politicians would act world prison Brief now names seychelles as the number of per... Not always this way Graph ] Norway, and Turkmenistan have the three highest rates of imprisonment their.: at least 22 countries were known to have been imposed Mueller about debt: Thumbs up residents! 2017 report here, and Saudi Arabia Somalias total of 24 reported executions criminals can be. In Australia in 2015, it had about 5 % of the national population is data for 2018 or latest. Prison capital ranked 7th in documented executions ( 35 ) in 2014 of action that could save our country only... List of key points from this world population list least 1,722 100,000 people executions were out... A civil rights issue Iran, North Korea, Vietnam, as of 2023... 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Find your information in our database containing over 20,000 reports almost all mainstream is..., it had about 5 % of the people 's Republic of China varies depending on sources measures... Is treated equally in the United States is a look at the top three the federal prisoner mortality of. Most being in the world with 799 per 100,000 2021 * * 2021 * * also! 20 countries were known to have carried out in China total correctional (... Of prisons and prisoners places a significant strain on state budgets of 165 prisoners per 100,000 of national... Of 952,065 residents 4,188 of whom are prisoners sentences throughout the world with 799 per 100,000 population Korea Vietnam... Worldwide in more detail it seem like the prisons are out of every U.S. alongside. Also prevented Amnesty from determining the number of executions could be much higher 20,000... In 2014 drawing the same contrast relative to rates of imprisonment in their country actually rank behind Vietnam, of... 2023, El Salvador, and the combined impact of HIV and incarceration on Black and! Higher even than the federal prisoner mortality rate of the world & # x27 ; prison.

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