Subcutaneous bursae are found under the skin. T cell acti-vation and migration occur as an early consequence of RA, and these cells adopt a proinflammatory pheno-type. c. articular cartilage a. abduction C the hip joint is a weight-bearing joint, but the shoulder is not B calcium and phosphorus Course Hero is not sponsored or endorsed by any college or university. D manubrium, Which statement is NOT true of the rib cage? d. hinge. d. forward sliding of the femur, c. forward sliding of the tibia on the femur, Which joint allows a side-to-side movement called lateral excursion? D growth hormone, The phrase "closure of the epiphyseal discs" means that: B PTH increases the reabsorption of calcium from bones D they have no outlets, The three pairs of ribs that articulate indirectly with the sternum are called: D both A and B, and outside the joint capsule, Which tissue is NOT an important part of synovial joints? This fluid-filled space is the site at which the articulating surfaces of the bones contact each other. The immune system malfunctions and attacks healthy cells in the lining of your joints. C cartilage discs separate adjacent vertebrae c. Linkages form between the actin and myosin. Joint found only in the skull. Which type of synovial joint allows for the widest range of motion? d. They occur only between bones with flat articular processes. At the beginning A of the compression process, 500cm3500 \mathrm{cm}^{3}500cm3 of gas is at 100 kPa and 20.0C.20.0^{\circ} \mathrm{C}.20.0C. a. b. bursae B nasal cavities a. biaxial joint; permits movement in one plane and around one axis Synovial Joints: Synovial joints are joints in the body that are freely movable and classified as diarthrotic. d. Muscle spasms, because the ACh remaining in the synaptic cleft will irritate the receiving nerve, c. Weakness, because not all of the ACh will find a receptor, resulting in poor nerve transmission, Which factor infulences the strength with which a muscle fiber contracts? d. joint cavity, Articulations permitting only slight degreees of movement are___________, whereas articulations permitting no movement are called_____________. d. hands and the feet. The six types of synovial joints are pivot, hinge, condyloid, saddle, plane, and ball-and socket-joints (Figure 9.4.3). d. type of synovial fluid. This allows the two bones to fit together like a rider sitting on a saddle. Ligaments are classified as extrinsic ligaments if they are located outside of the articular capsule, intrinsic ligaments if they are fused to the wall of the articular capsule, or intracapsular ligaments if they are located inside the articular capsule. The head of the humerus articulates with the acromion process. d. cartilaginous. The amount of acetycholine released into the synaptic cleft A fibrous connective tissue D the hip joint is considered weight bearing, Which statement is NOT true of the shoulder and hip joints? Based on the shape of the articulating bone surfaces and the types of movement allowed, synovial joints are classified into six types. A second pivot joint is found at the proximal radioulnar joint. D) Immovable joints are called amphiarthroses. Muscles will increase their contractile force to help support the joint by resisting forces acting on it. b. articular (joint) capsule a. Knee d. the joint capsules and ligaments are more stretchy and loose than normal, d. the joint capsules and ligaments are more stretchy and loose than normal, Synovial joints are classified into six main categories based on __________. b. b. synarthroses Describe the characteristic structures found at all synovial joints. Additional structures located outside of a synovial joint serve to prevent friction between the bones of the joint and the overlying muscle tendons or skin. The mysosin heads propel the actin myofilaments toward the center of the sarcomere; this pulls the Z disks closer together, which shortens the sarcomere and the entire muscle d. It contains lactic acid. b. a long tendon that runs down the middle of the rectus abdominis D insulin increases protein synthesis and mitosis, Which pair of bones directly helps to protect the brain? c. Weakness, because not all of the ACh will find a receptor, resulting in poor nerve transmission A tendon is the dense connective tissue structure that attaches a muscle to bone. The major role of ligaments at synovial joints is to help direct movement and restrict undesirable movement. There are three types of joints in the body. c. fruiting body. Bones are connected exclusively by ligaments. A. a. Acromioclavicular joint b. Glenohumeral joint c. Scapulothoracic joint d. Sternoclavicular joint; Which of the three joints associated with the knee is a plane joint that allows gliding during knee flexion? a. the radius and ulna along its length b. b. synchondrosis c. muscle tendons that cross the joint If a joint can exhibit adduction and abduction, then it is biaxial. c. pivot, hinge, and ball and socket d. the muscle twitch is prolonged and continuous, while tetanic is brief and jerky, b. the muscle twitch is a brief and "jerky movement", while the tetanic contraction is prolonged and continuous, Which of the following is not a feature of a synovial joint? The classification of a joint as bony, fibrous, cartilaginous, or synovial describes: Definition. c. An impulse triggers the release of acetycholine (ACh), which diffuses across the synaptic cleft to stimulate the T tubules to release calcium. a. are extensions of periosteum They are enclosed by a capsule. 96) _C_____ A) articular cartilage B) joint (articular) cavity C) tendon sheath D) articular (joint) capsule. Paralysis, because all ACh must be bound to a receptor for contraction to occur True or False: Flexion of the ankle so that the superior aspect of the foot approaches the shin is called dorsiflexion. B temporal and mandible b. an empty joint cavity By the end of this section, you will be able to: Describe the characteristic features for synovial jointsand give examples. Thus, the thumb can move within the same plane as the palm of the hand, or it can jut out anteriorly, perpendicular to the palm. B the manubrium of the sternum articulates with the false ribs B adipose tissue to store energy. c. form the synovial membrane b. Epimysium True or False: A person who has been diagnosed with a sprained ankle has an injury to the ligaments that attach to that joint. Performance Lab Flex is another quality joint pain supplement that relieves things like arthritis and inflammation issues. d. wedges of fibrocartilage that partially or completely divide the synovial cavity, d. wedges of fibrocartilage that partially or completely divide the synovial cavity, Moving your jaw forward, causing an underbite, is called ________. C PTH increases the absorption of calcium by the small intestine c. extension A thyroxine a. the origin Fibrous joint. d. actin, The term _________ refers to the constant state of contraction of a certain number of fibers within a muscle. D radius and ulna, The part of a synovial joint that encloses the joint in a strong sheath is the: Synovial joints are freely movable and allow for motion at the location where bones meet. B false ribs A spongy bone in the diaphysis of a long bone C hinge Planar, hinge, pivot, condyloid, saddle, and ball-and-socket are all types of synovial joints. The walls of the joint cavity are formed by the connective tissue of the articular capsule. It provides nutrients and lubrication for articular cartilage. A coracoids process ABBCCDDAABCDAQWEint. Which of the following is not a characteristic of a synovial joint? c. incomplete tetanus Facet joint osteoarthritis (FJ OA) is widely prevalent in older adults, and is a common cause of back and neck pain. c. extensor B entire length of the diaphysis c. tend to run parallel to one another a. cavities lined with cartilage Here, the upward projecting dens of the axis articulates with the inner aspect of the atlas, where it is held in place by a ligament. a. Consider the following statements: I. Proximal radioulnar joint is a type of ellipsoidal joint. b. less mobile than arm joints. d. Muscles obtain their energy by breaking down ATP; this is useful because creatine phosphate is plentiful, c. Muscles obtain their energy through aerobic respiration of glucose; this is useful because it produces more ATP than anaerobic respiration, When extending the forearm The only movement allowed between the first two cervical vertebrae is flexion. Bones bound together by thick collagen fibers, such as the sutures in our skull, form fibrous joints. a. patellar ligaments b. attach tendons Correct option is C) Joints are points of contact between bones, or between bones and cartilages. The acetabulum of the pelvis is reshaped and a replacement socket is fitted into its place. Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Page Ref: 223; Tbl. c. gouty arthritis These factors put stress on the articular cartilage that covers the surfaces of bones at synovial joints, causing the cartilage to gradually become thinner. c. Tubules that allow electrical impluses to travel into the muscle cell a. wrist; saddle A diet with excessive fructose has been implicated in raising the chances of a susceptible individual developing gout. d. synchondrosis, Fibrous joints are classified as ________. calcium carbonate. This causes calcium ions to be pumped into the T tubules. d. rheumatoid arthritis. C brain c. Perimysium d. not stabilized by ligaments. A within the joint cavity Bursae are classified by their location. c. diarthrosis Arthritis is a common disorder of synovial joints that involves inflammation of the joint. Visit this website to learn about a patient who arrives at the hospital with joint pain and weakness in his legs. b. feet B) The rotator cuff is responsible for the flexible extensions at the elbow joint. TRUE or FALSE. A \rightarrow B \\ d. Both the actin and myosin myofilaments shorten, which shrinks the sarcomere and pulls the Z disk closer together. c. Synarthrotic joints are slightly movable. A the backbone is flexible because many joints are present The Peripheral Nervous System, Chapter 18. B) Synarthrotic joints are slightly movable. Examples of this include the articular discs found at the sternoclavicular joint or between the distal ends of the radius and ulna bones. The present experiment compared the FA alterations between the shoulder and knee joints in patients with end-stage OA or end-stage RA. C the rib cage is pulled up and out during inhalation The Cellular Level of Organization, Chapter 4. a. one Z line to the next Z line b. Also classified as a synchondrosis are places where bone is united to a cartilage structure, such as between the anterior end of a rib and the costal cartilage of the thoracic cage. A osteocytes These are found at the articulation between the C1 (atlas) and the dens of the C2 (axis) vertebrae, which provides the side-to-side rotation of the head, or at the proximal radioulnar joint between the head of the radius and the radial notch of the ulna, which allows for rotation of the radius during forearm movements. b. circumduction ABCDT(K)2931023P(kPa)100V(cm3)500. In the hip region, trochanteric bursitis can occur in the bursa that overlies the greater trochanter of the femur, just below the lateral side of the hip. Since the rotation is around a single axis, pivot joints are functionally classified as a uniaxial diarthrosis type of joint. At other synovial joints, the disc can provide shock absorption and cushioning between the bones, which is the function of each meniscus within the knee joint. The glenohumeral joint is more mobile, making it less stable. b. RA is a chronic, systemic, inflammatory disorder. B clavicle/sternum The breakdown of creatine phosphate Z lines True or False: A person who has been diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis would be suffering loss of the synovial fluids. A parietal C mandible and temporal bone d. The size of the muscle fiber, c. The length of the muscle fiber before the contraction begins, If impulses reach a muscle fiber so rapidly that fibers don't have a chance to relax completely before the next impluse arrives, what condition will occur? As a result, not all ACh can find a receptor. At a pivot joint, a rounded portion of a bone is enclosed within a ring formed partially by the articulation with another bone and partially by a ligament (see Figure 9.4.3a). Other hinge joints of the body include the knee, ankle, and interphalangeal joints between the phalanges of the fingers and toes. Lining the inner surface of the articular capsule is a thin synovial membrane. b. shape of articular surfaces B thyroxine a. Gliding movements occur at the intercarpal and intertarsal joints. Allows only very limited movement b. D lacrimal, The paranasal sinuses may become "stuffed up" because: D elastic connective tissue, In the long bones of children, growth occurs at the Both plane and ball-and-sockets joints are classified functionally as multiaxial joints. Which of the following provides evidence for evolution? This is a question our experts keep getting from time to time. Which features of synovial joints are credited with providing friction-free movement? II and III only 4. a. Pivot b. It is secreted by articular cartilage b. A sphenoid Examination of joint fluid focuses on those properties and constituents of value in determining the cause of effusions. c. the triceps brachii is the prime mover, and the brachialis is the antagonist b. D symphysis/elastic connective tissue, Which statement is NOT true of the vertebral column? d. Many muscles cross the glenohumeral joint and limit the mobility of the joint. a. articular cartilage (d) all of these. d. Fascia, Which term is the smallest subdivision in this group? B oseoblasts Write an equation for the reaction of each antacid with hydrochloric acid. b. Exercise, anti-inflammatory and pain medications, various specific disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs, or surgery are used to treat rheumatoid arthritis. C. The distal joint between the tibia and fibula. D 7, 3, 2, Which part of the sternum articulates with the clavicles? D growth hormone, The hormone that decreases the reabsorption of calcium from bones is: d. Periosteum. The actin heads propel the myosin filaments toward the center of the sarcomere; this pulls the Z disks closer together, which shortens the sarcomere and the entire muscle D symphysis, Which of the following is NOT an example of a suture joint? On the basis of structural classification, which is a fibrous joint? Which of the above statements are true 1. True or False: Synovial fluid is a viscous material that is derived by filtration from blood. b. plantar flexion A few synovial joints of the body have a fibrocartilage structure located between the articulating bones. 2. Which of the following is true about the shoulder joint? True False b. nonaxial movement; no movement d. Elbow, Osteoarthritis occurs when Risk factors that may lead to osteoarthritis later in life include injury to a joint; jobs that involve physical labor; sports with running, twisting, or throwing actions; and being overweight. True or False: The most important factor in joint stability is the depth of the articular surface.

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