[75], Henry VII died of tuberculosis at Richmond Palace on 21 April 1509 and was buried in the chapel he commissioned in Westminster Abbey next to his wife, Elizabeth. Penn showed a genealogical roll that had belonged to the de la Pole family which showed Henry VI being the end of the Lancastrian line and the Yorkist line continuing on to Richard III. [66], Henry wanted to maintain the Spanish alliance. These laws were used shrewdly in levying fines upon those that he perceived as threats. King Henry the VII and King Henry the VIII both feared being invaded by foreign countries. In 1407, Henry IV, Gaunt's son by his first wife, issued new Letters Patent confirming the legitimacy of his half-siblings but also declaring them ineligible for the throne. Henry VII was succeeded by his second son, Henry VIII. Updates? Its restoration by the Magnus Intercursus was very much to England's benefit in removing taxation for English merchants and significantly increasing England's wealth. Henry spared Richard's nephew and designated heir, John de la Pole, Earl of Lincoln, and made the Yorkist heiress Margaret Plantagenet Countess of Salisbury suo jure. [46] In 1506 he resumed the construction of King's College Chapel, Cambridge, started under Henry VI, guaranteeing finances which would continue even after his death. [34], When the King's agents searched the property of William Stanley (Chamberlain of the Household, with direct access to Henry VII) they found a bag of coins amounting to around 10,000 and a collar of livery with Yorkist garnishings. He created the sovereign coin to spread the message that he was King. It was not until 1506, when he imprisoned Suffolk in the Tower of London, that Henry could at last feel safe. It was presented by historian Thomas Penn, author of Winter King and was an excellent examination of the King who, as Penn pointed out, tend to be eclipsed by Richard III, the glamour and notoriety of Henry VIII and the charisma of Elizabeth I. I'm not giving this a star rating because I suspect it's me at fault not the book. Thomas Penn's Winter King is not really a biography of Henry VII, and more a study of what he was directing his government to do in his name. Winter King: Henry VII and the Dawn of Tudor England Wolf Hall this is not. Henry VIII, (born June 28, 1491, Greenwich, near London, Englanddied January 28, 1547, London), king of England (1509-47) who presided over the beginnings of the English Renaissance and the English Reformation. In the late 20th century a model of European state formation was prominent in which Henry less resembles Louis and Ferdinand. Raised in France, admiring of Italian-trained lawyers (and reaping the reward of the return of a whole generation of educated English commoners who sat out the War of the Roses abroad), with good taste in Renaissance art and advised by his gracious wife and steely mother, Henry VII is a major figure, not a prequel. But Henry had a crucial asset: his queen and their children, the living embodiment of his hoped-for dynasty. Henry VII: The Winter King. However, this treaty came at a price, as Henry mounted a minor invasion of Brittany in November 1492. Henry was devastated. France, Burgundy, the Holy Roman Empire, Spain and the Hanseatic League all rejected the treaty, which was never in force. [citation needed], Henry's most successful diplomatic achievement as regards the economy was the Magnus Intercursus ("great agreement") of 1496. He was probably baptised at St Mary's Church, Pembroke,[1] though no documentation of the event exists. He likens the beginning of Henry VIIIs reign to a metaphorical spring, a second coming of sorts because Henry VIII seemed to be the opposite of his father. [77][78] His mother died two months later on 29 June 1509. Henry VII: Winter King - A Review and Rundown - The Anne Boleyn Files Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. Royal Collection Trust At the summit, even dinnerware testified to its owner's status. [citation needed], Henry also made some political capital out of his Welsh ancestry in attracting military support and safeguarding his army's passage through Wales on its way to the Battle of Bosworth. This approach raised puzzling questions about similarities and differences in the development of national states. [26] Henry married Elizabeth of York with the hope of uniting the Yorkist and Lancastrian sides of the Plantagenet dynastic disputes, and he was largely successful. [13] When Warwick restored Henry VI in 1470, Jasper Tudor returned from exile and brought Henry to court. According to John M. Currin, the treaty redefined Anglo-Breton relations. Much of the ruthless machinery of control was designed to deal with ongoing challenged like pretenders and Yorkist sleepers and expats. This was excellent. [39] Despite this, during his reign he became a fiscally prudent monarch who restored the fortunes of an effectively bankrupt exchequer. The money so extracted added to the King's personal fortune rather than being used for the stated purpose. Many influential Yorkists had been dispossessed and disappointed by the change of regime, and there had been so many reversals of fortune within living memory that the decision of Bosworth did not appear necessarily final. However, King Henry the VIII was much more self-centered as most of his spending was inappropriate and did not benefit England much. [57], In 1506, Henry extorted the Treaty of Windsor from Philip the Handsome, Duke of Burgundy. Henry attained the throne when his forces defeated King Richard III at the Battle of Bosworth Field, the culmination of the Wars of the Roses. This is why he named the book the Winter King. On one side of the coin, instead of a profile of his face, there was a full length depiction of Henry sat on his throne with his crown and sceptre. The future Henry VIII, in contrast,. Amateur historians Bertram Fields and Sir Clements Markham have claimed that he may have been involved in the murder of the Princes in the Tower, as the repeal of Titulus Regius gave the Princes a stronger claim to the throne than his own. We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. The marriage between Arthur, Prince of Wales, and Catherine of Aragon would be the culmination of everything that Henry VII had fought for at the Battle of Bosworth, so in 1501 there was a fortnight of marriage celebrations and London was in a carnival mood. Sometimes, Penn explained, charges against people were fabricated so that they would have to pay a fine, for example, a man who was charged with murdering a child and who was found guilty because the jury was rigged. ||sitemap_index.xml Stephens, "affords some illustrations of the avaricious and parsimonious character of the king". Philip had been shipwrecked on the English coast, and while Henry's guest, was bullied into an agreement so favourable to England at the expense of the Netherlands that it was dubbed the Malus Intercursus ("evil agreement"). Why was Henry VII called the Winter King? [28], Henry had Parliament repeal Titulus Regius, the statute that declared Edward IV's marriage invalid and his children illegitimate, thus legitimising his wife. [76] He was succeeded by his second son, Henry VIII (reigned 150947), who would initiate the Protestant Reformation in England. The author does a good job drawing on his sources and bringing the characters to life while staying true to the history, but the subject matter is just not inherently as sexy as Henry VIIIs or Elizabeth Is reigns. Penn explained how Henry reworked recent events to suit him. But Henry had a crucial asset: his queen and their children, the living embodiment of his hoped-for dynasty. Quite ambitious in nature, Thomas Penn attempts to write a portrait of Henry VII and his reign. Inadvertently, he provoked a revolution. Henry VII was born in Pembroke Castle , Wales, on January 28 th, 1457. Henry VII was king of England from 1485 to 1509. He likens the beginning of Henry VIII's reign to a metaphorical spring, a second coming of sorts because Henry VIII seemed to be the opposite of his father. : (April 25, 1883. The dispute eventually paid off for Henry. This entire review has been hidden because of spoilers. Elizabeth of York (11 February 1466 11 February 1503) was Queen of England from her marriage to King Henry VII on 18 January 1486 until her death. The Lancastrian Henry and his Yorkist wife Elizabeth strove to reconcile the factions, but unreconciled Yorkists, to whom he was no more than a usurper, harassed his reign. After his victory at Bosworth Field, Henry married Edward IV's daughter Elizabeth of York. His account of Henry's government is more contentious than he lets on. Henry VII was born on 28 January 1457 at Pembroke Castle, in the English-speaking portion of Pembrokeshire known as Little England beyond Wales. If you continue to use this site we will assume that you are happy with it. If he trusted anyone, it would be his queen and why not, since both had so much in common both being familiar with being in sanctuary, and pawns in the game of power? Henry reigned for nearly 24 years and was peacefully succeeded by his son, Henry VIII. Elizabeth of York was Queen consort of England as spouse of King Henry VII from 1486 until her death on February 11th, 1503. Author Thomas Penn takes an extraordinary journey into the dark and chilling world of the first Tudor King, Henry VII. In 1501, England had been ravaged for decades by conspiracy, coups . [7] He came from an old, established Anglesey family that claimed descent from Cadwaladr, in legend, the last ancient British king,[8] and on occasion Henry displayed the red dragon of Cadwaladr. Wow, it was like being battered by facts without remission for good intentions. If Penn's interpretation can sometimes seem slanted, its exposition would be hard to over-praise. It seems that Henry was skilful at extracting money from his subjects on many pretexts, including that of war with France or war with Scotland. Based on the terms of the accord, Henry sent 6000 troops to fight (at the expense of Brittany) under the command of Lord Daubeney. All the information is from Thomas Penn. In 1485 Henry landed at Milford Haven in Wales and advanced toward London. The Great Debasement - Wikipedia By subscribing you confirm that you have read and agree to the Privacy Policy [opens in new window] and the Terms & Conditions [opens in new window]. The house of York then appeared so firmly established that Henry seemed likely to remain in exile for the rest of his life. Edward, Earl of Warwick, the ten-year-old son of Edward IV's brother George, Duke of Clarence, was the senior surviving male of the House of York. To be notified of special offers, news, new courses, and new tutors, please subscribe to our newsletter. Henry VII The Winter King is also the title of a book by Thomas Penn, and a useful read. Henry Tudors claim to the throne was, therefore, weak and of no importance until the deaths in 1471 of Henry VIs only son, Edward, of his own two remaining kinsmen of the Beaufort line, and of Henry VI himself, which suddenly made Henry Tudor the sole surviving male with any ancestral claim to the house of Lancaster. Henry was a remarkable man. 'Meeting between Francis I and Henry VIII at the Field of Cloth of Gold on 7 June 1520,' a painting by Friedrich August Bouterwek. Henry VII ruled as Machiavelli, just after his reign, was to advise usurpers to do through fear rather than love. In 1837 Henry VIII's tomb was eventually marked in the chapel with a commemorative marble slab. [38], Unlike his predecessors, Henry VII came to the throne without personal experience in estate management or financial administration. She was a great-granddaughter of John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster (fourth son of Edward III), and his third wife Katherine Swynford. [47], Henry VII's policy was to maintain peace and to create economic prosperity. That is, suspicious, insecure and crafty but also determined, patient and fiercely proud of his Lancastrian ancestry. Elizabeth did get pregnant, but then went into premature labour. [59][60][61], He was content to allow the nobles their regional influence if they were loyal to him. I would read more by this author. At the same time, Flemish merchants were ejected from England. How like a winter hath my absence been From thee, the pleasure of the fleeting year! It was the end of the union of Lancaster and York and many had only accepted Henry as King because of his wifes Yorkist roots, so Henry was once more on shaky ground with his old enemies resurfacing and raising armies. I've never read much on the reign of Henry VII - mostly because to really get to grips with his policies, you first have to get to grips with his exhaustively complicated financial policies - but Penn provides a wonderful accessibility through his writing, which provides valuable context to the man who founded England's most famous dynasty. Henry Tudor, named after his father, Henry VII, was born by Elizabeth of York June 28, 1491 in Greenwich Palace. [79], Amiable and high-spirited, Henry was friendly if dignified in manner, and it was clear that he was extremely intelligent. When Henry VII called his first parliament he used it as an opportunity to legitimise his reign. [45], Henry VII established the pound avoirdupois as a standard of weight; it later became part of the Imperial[46] and customary systems of units. Musings on History - Henry VII - Learn for Pleasure Well written and really interesting about an often ignored king. At any rate, the Wars of the Roses had ended with a victory by which the winner took all, and regardless of his somewhat dubious Plantagenet ancestry. Castles of . They were appointed for every shire and served for a year at a time. Henry VII was king of England from 1485 to 1509. He passed laws against "livery" (the upper classes' flaunting of their adherents by giving them badges and emblems) and "maintenance" (the keeping of too many male "servants"). More wrote that this King is loved and compared Henrys accession to the coming of a new season, a new spring following a winter of repression. [14] In November 1476, Francis fell ill and his principal advisers were more amenable to negotiating with King Edward. ), Humphrey Stafford, 1st Duke of Buckingham, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Henry_VII_of_England&oldid=1141813382, Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from September 2021, Articles incorporating a citation from the 1913 Catholic Encyclopedia with Wikisource reference, Articles incorporating text from the 1913 Catholic Encyclopedia with Wikisource reference, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the ODNB, Pages containing links to subscription-only content, Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from August 2021, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference, Short description is different from Wikidata, Wikipedia indefinitely semi-protected pages, Articles with unsourced statements from October 2020, Articles needing additional references from October 2020, All articles needing additional references, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Katherine (2 February 1503 10 February 1503), This page was last edited on 26 February 2023, at 23:16. Moneywise, King Henry the VII was frugal and careful with money. It was no easy feat. [69] The wedding never took place, and the physical description Henry sent with his ambassadors of what he desired in a new wife matched the description of his wife Elizabeth. He cemented his claim by marrying Elizabeth of York, daughter of King Edward IV. Penn then went on to talk about the heir to the throne, the young Prince Henry, who seemed very different to the King. He was crowned on October 30 and secured parliamentary recognition of his title early in November. [11] When Edward IV became King in 1461, Jasper Tudor went into exile abroad. Hence, the king was plagued with conspiracies until nearly the end of his reign. Watch Henry VII: The Winter King | Prime Video - amazon.com While there, he feigned stomach cramps and delayed his departure long enough to miss the tides. Then in 1491 appeared a still more serious menace: Perkin Warbeck, coached by Margaret to impersonate Richard, the younger son of Edward IV. Shakespeare later turned to Henry's son and successor Henry VIII, whose rule brought marital sensation, renaissance spectacle and the reformation. [citation needed], Henry honoured his pledge of December 1483 to marry Elizabeth of York and the wedding took place in 1486 at Westminster Abbey. The King was heavily guarded. Why was Henry VII called the Winter King? He was, said Penn, a man who never knew a moments peace during his reign. His supportive policy toward England's wool industry and his standoff with the Low Countries had long-lasting benefit to the English economy. Please check your email to confirm your subscription. So 4 stars. [67], Henry made half-hearted plans to remarry and beget more heirs, but these never came to anything. He made huge gobs of money binding his subjects to him with loyalty bonds. Through luck, guile and ruthlessness, Henry VII, the first of the Tudor kings, had clambered to the top of the heap--a fugitive with a flimsy claim to England's throne. There's a (relatively) brief explanation of Henry's rather tumultuous childhood and his rise to the throne, before Penn really gets into the nitty gritty details during the second half of Henry's reign, focusing on his intricate foreign policy, his increasing use of finance as a means of control over his subjects and, most entertaining to me, the various plots and conspiracies of Henry's enemies. Henry then consolidated his reign with magnificent architecture, an opulent household and money. Files Welcome Pack of 5 goodies, 28 January 1457 Birth of Henry VII at Pembroke Castle, 30 October 1485 Coronation of Henry VII, Henry VIIIs Enforcer: The Rise and Fall of Thomas Cromwell A Review and Rundown, Henry VII: Winter King A Review and Rundown, 31 May 1533 The Coronation Procession of Queen Anne Boleyn, Why I think Henry VIII was ultimately responsible for Anne Boleyns downfall, 4 March 1522 Anne Boleyn plays Perseverance, The Boleyns of Hever Castle now 99p on Kindle on Amazon UK, YouTube Live 4 March 2023 The Fascinating Background of Henry VIII. If you continue to use this site we will assume that you are happy with it. Penn's picture of a reign of terror carries disturbing echoes of the Roman historian Tacitus's account of the emperor Tiberius, another ruler whose abridgements of liberty followed an era of civil strife. Who could have expected that he would rule for 24 years, die in his bed, bequeath the first orderly succession to the throne for nearly a century, and found a famous dynasty? Their powers and numbers steadily increased during the time of the Tudors, never more so than under Henry's reign. [6] Henry IV's action was of doubtful legality, as the Beauforts were previously legitimised by an Act of Parliament, but it weakened Henry's claim. He paid very close attention to detail, and instead of spending lavishly he concentrated on raising new revenues. In 1485, history was about to be changed for ever by a man who was a refugee, a fugitive whod spent half his life on the run and with barely a claim to the throne: Henry Tudor. Its inhabitant was once one of England's most exuberant kings, yet his resting place was only re-discovered in 1813. Henry VII is known for successfully ending the War of the Roses between the houses of Lancaster and York and for founding the Tudor dynasty. Effectively an orphan, he had spent wretched years as a fugitive in Brittany. February 7 Sir Francis Bryan loses an eye and Henry VIII has a new love, An interview with historical novelist Sandra Byrd, Henry VIII and His Six Wives event open for registration. Luther made a protest against the Catholic practice of Indulgences. Henry VIII | Biography, Wives, Religion, Death, & Facts The rebels were defeated (June 1487) in a hard-fought battle at Stoke (East Stoke, near Newark in Nottinghamshire), where the doubtful loyalty of some of the royal troops was reminiscent of Richard IIIs difficulties at Bosworth. I picked this audiobook up because it was narrated by Simon Vance. But that's not really what I wanted from a book about Henry VII. Prince Arthur was born just eight months after his parents marriage, at Winchester, the seat of King Arthurs Camelot. Thomas Penns Winter King in a brilliant mash-up of gothic horror and political biography. Winter King: Henry VII and the Dawn of Tudor England - Goodreads A fresh look at the endlessly fascinating Tudorsthe dramatic and overlooked story of Henry VII and his founding of the Tudor Dynastyfilled with spies, plots, counterplots, and an uneasy royal succession to Henry VIII. Penn then moved on to how Henry became King. Henry VII is usually treated as a charmless and thrifty prelude to the big reign of Henry VIII, with the inevitable marriage of Henry and Catherine of Aragon, and the reversal of his father's bully policies for a golden age of chivalry and, you know, all the crazy shit Henry VIII was about to do. Here is a rundown of the programme for those who missed it. Why is Henry VIII's Tomb So Small When His Life Was So Very Opulent? Since we are in the middle of winter, Ive been thinking of a volume on my shelves on Henry VII, who could be called the Winter King. Happy St Davids Day! [citation needed] Following the example of Edward IV, Henry VII created a Council of Wales and the Marches for his son Arthur, which was intended to govern Wales and the Marches, Cheshire and Cornwall. Penn is not one to understate a case. Henry VII, grown rich from Morton's Fork and other squeezes, was far from a bumpkin trying to break into the royal circles of western Europe--he was being courted, and he knew very well to play Castile (Hapsburg) and Aragon off against one another after Isabella died (and Catherine might very well have been packed off home to marry someone else, it was common). Henry's mother, Margaret Beaufort, was a descendant of the Lancastrian branch of the House of Plantagenet. Some of them have more to say than Penn about the constructive sides of the reign, which developed the state-building methods of his Yorkist predecessors. Hed achieved the impossible, hed risen from refugee to King of England. Loyalty was ensured, and the nobility was effectively neuteredand Henry became the richest monarch in Europe. Their chief task was to see that the laws of the country were obeyed in their area. That was to prevent the King of France capturing him and letting him loose on the English as a rival. [citation needed] Henry also formed an alliance with Holy Roman Emperor Maximilian I (14931519) and persuaded Pope Innocent VIII to issue a papal bull of excommunication against all pretenders to Henry's throne. His claim to the throne was precarious and he wanted to portray Richard . Shakespeare, drawn to the colour on either side of the reign, skipped it. On the other side of the coin, instead of the cross, was a Tudor rose and the arms of England. The expressive and evocative power of his writing, and the union of scholarship with artistry, are rare in modern historical writing. For Henry VII, it was all about the money and stability. Detailed Information. Why did the nobility accept the curtailment of the military power it had wielded in the wars of the roses and swallow the elevation of upstarts at Henry's court? He had, Bacon added, much to be suspicious about, "his times" being "full of secret conspiracies and troubles". What old December's bareness every where! [citation needed] Nonetheless, by 1483 Henry was the senior male Lancastrian claimant remaining after the deaths in battle, by murder or execution of Henry VI (son of Henry V and Catherine of Valois), his son Edward of Westminster, Prince of Wales, and the other Beaufort line of descent through Lady Margaret's uncle, Edmund Beaufort, 2nd Duke of Somerset. The father's government was an exercise in discoloration. Henry's original head was cut out of the painting and replaced at some point after the work's creation. Henry had only been accepted as King because the Princes in the Tower, the sons of Edward IV, were dead, so when Yorkist exiles groomed Perkin Warbeck to pose as one of the princes and raised an army it was a huge threat. 1845. His biographer, Professor Chrimes, credits him even before he had become king with "a high degree of personal magnetism, ability to inspire confidence, and a growing reputation for shrewd decisiveness". [3] Henry's paternal grandfather, Owen Tudor, originally from the Tudors of Penmynydd, Isle of Anglesey in Wales, had been a page in the court of King Henry V. He rose to become one of the "Squires to the Body to the King" after military service at the Battle of Agincourt. He also enacted laws against livery and maintenance, the great lords' practice of having large numbers of "retainers" who wore their lord's badge or uniform and formed a potential private army. Omissions? Rarely was a father's reign so widely disparaged and disowned on the accession of the son. Old rivalries simmered, however. Author of, Assistant Master and Professor of History, Selwyn College, University of Cambridge. After winning the throne of England, he wed Elizabeth of York, the eldest daughter of the dead Yorkist king Edward IV. of course, a large proportion of my opinion is probably due to the fact that i knew a lot about henry vii already, and Penn tried to create quite a thrilling/mysterious feel, which is all well and good if you don't already know how everything plays out. After his victory at Bosworth Field, Henry married Edward IVs daughter Elizabeth of York. After Edward retook the throne in 1471, Henry Tudor spent 14 years in exile in Brittany. One of their sons was Edmund, Henry's father. Shakespeare later turned to Henry's son and successor Henry VIII, whose rule brought marital sensation, renaissance spectacle and the reformation. Through luck, guile and ruthlessness, Henry VII, the first of the Tudor kings, had clambered to the top of the heap--a fugitive with a flimsy claim to England's throne. Stanleys betrayal led to a complete security overhaul and his privy chamber going into lockdown. Henry VII - History Learning Site Together, they had seven children. Henry VII died on 21 April 1509, and the 17-year-old Henry succeeded him as king. Catherine's mother Isabella I of Castile had died and Catherine's sister Joanna had succeeded her; Catherine was, therefore, daughter of only one reigning monarch and so less desirable as a spouse for Henry VII's heir-apparent.

Riptide Representation, Fm 590pp Non Dot Urine Labcorp, I Speak A Little Arabic In Arabic, Articles W