How many meters is the earth? How big is Earth? | Space As an example, we will use Eratosthenes situation. , You can do this, too, by using his method. Go farther. [4], The variation in density and crustal thickness causes gravity to vary across the surface and in time, so that the mean sea level differs from the ellipsoid. Surface Gravity Metric: 9.80665 m/s 2 English: 32.041 ft/s 2 Escape Velocity Metric: 40,284 km/h English: 25,031 mph Scientific Notation: 1.119 x 10 4 m/s Sidereal Rotation Period 0.99726968 Earth Days 23.934 Hours Surface Temperature Metric: -88/58 (min/max) C English: -126/136 (min/max) F Scientific Notation: 185/331 (min/max) K The equation for Keplers Third Law is P = a, so the period of a planets orbit (P) squared is equal to the size semi-major axis of the orbit (a) cubed when it is expressed in astronomical units. Instant free online tool for Earths equatorial radius to meter conversion or vice versa. A globally-average value is usually considered to be 6,371 kilometres (3,959mi) with a 0.3% variability (10 km) for the following reasons. Enchanted Learning. Mathematically, Earth is a spheroid. The geoid height can change abruptly due to earthquakes (such as the Sumatra-Andaman earthquake) or reduction in ice masses (such as Greenland).[5]. r . The radius is more like 6,371 kilometers at the north and south poles. 191 mi) at the equator. Using the parameters from WGS84 ellipsoid of revolution, a = 6,378.137 km and b = 6356.7523142km, V = 1.083211012km3 (2.59881011cumi).[17]. How do you find the radius of the earth from the circumference? = These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. Gravity of Earth - Units of Measurement Wiki | Fandom As satellite remote sensing and especially the Global Positioning System gained importance, true global models were developed which, while not as accurate for regional work, best approximate the Earth as a whole. is the eccentricity of the earth. What is the number in scientific notation? Responsibility disclaimer and privacy policy | About Us | Terms & Conditions | Site Map, Scientific discoveries from around the world. This video will show you how Eratosthenes calculated the circumference and radius of the Earth in 240 BC!! Approximating the figure of Earth by an Earth spheroid, the radius ranges from a maximum of nearly 6,378km (3,963mi) (equatorial radius, denoted a) to a minimum of nearly 6,357km (3,950mi) (polar radius, denoted b). The core is found about 2,900 kilometers (1,802 miles) below Earth's surface, and has a radius of about 3,485 kilometers (2,165 miles). Solving for x reveals the circumference to be. r = m v 2 F c . {\displaystyle {\mathcal {R}}_{\mathrm {eE} }^{\mathrm {N} }} Other uncategorized cookies are those that are being analyzed and have not been classified into a category as yet. 371 106 meters (Earth radius 6. [2] All three values are about 6,371 kilometres (3,959mi). Arc length of more general surface curves, such as meridian arcs and geodesics, can also be derived from Earth's equatorial and polar radii. Initially, the idea of a reference ellipsoid was an ellipsoid that best approximated mean ocean level. Earth radius Conversion conversion table Earth radius to Meters Conversion Table Meters [ m ] How to Calculate the Circumference of the Earth? What is the real radius of the earth? - TeachersCollegesj Since he knew the distance between the locations, he was able to determine the circumference of the earth, and therefore the diameter and radius as well. ) is the distance from the center of Earth to a point on or near its surface. The earth is made up of three different layers: the crust, the mantle and the core. Measure Earth's Circumference with a Shadow - Scientific American As , EL NORTE is a melodrama divided into three acts. 6378 X 2 = 12 756 km. Earth's polar radius is 3,950 miles (6,356 km) a difference of 13 miles (22 km). When he's not busy exploring the mysteries of the universe, George enjoys hiking and spending time with his family. is the unit normal to the surface at where in the first fundamental form for a surface (Equation (112) in[11]): E, F, and G are elements of the metric tensor: r The distance between Syene and Alexandria is 787 kilometers. For this calculation, the longitude isn't needed. Not all deformations originate within the Earth. The WGS84 reference ellipsoid is now just that, a reference ellipsoid (that is, its the ellipsoid used as a reference by GPS and related systems). You have to find the circumference. Yes! R=6370 3. [a] Local topography increases the variance, resulting in a surface of profound complexity. The Earth's meridional radius of curvature at the equator equals the meridian's semi-latus rectum: The Earth's prime-vertical radius of curvature at the equator equals the equatorial radius, N = a. About Earth radiusThe Earth radius, or even the radius of the world, may be the distance from the middle of our planet towards the surface. They are vertices of the ellipse and also coincide with minimum and maximum radius of curvature. In 200 B.C. How far is the center of the Earth in KM? {\displaystyle r} If we were to plot this it would show (setting, G = M = m = R = 1, and including force direction): A simple spring oscillator To understand what this means we'll look at a simple spring oscillator. Earth's volume is estimated at 1 trillion cubic kilometers. Because these measurements are not done with more sensitive equipment, the radius calculation will be only approximate. Functional cookies help to perform certain functionalities like sharing the content of the website on social media platforms, collect feedbacks, and other third-party features. However, around 1730, Jacques Cassini argued for a prolate spheroid instead, due to different interpretations of the Newtonian mechanics involved. The oblateness constant q is given by, where is the angular frequency, G is the gravitational constant, and M is the mass of the planet. He was the first one to use the word geography and he also had a small-scale notion of the planet that helped him to determine the circumference of the earth. University of Texas: Eratosthenese Finds Diameter of Earth, Partner in a distant location on about the same longitude or in the same time zone. According to Newtons second law of motion, the acceleration of an object equals the net force acting on it divided by its mass, or a = F m . (8,849 meters), but it is not the highest point on Earth that is, the place most distant from the . The radius of the earth is 6378 km. What is the diameter of the earth R He observed lunar eclipses and noticed that only a round sphere could imply a circular shadow. What is the radius of the earth in physics? [Updated!] Well, the Moon is not always the same distance away from Earth. Now, lets plug in some numbers. How do you find the radius of a gravitational field? w Q4. Record the distance between your location and your partners location. r The nominal radius serves as a unit of length for astronomy. What is the mass of this planet in terms of Earth's mass? The recent Juno mission launched with the goal of examining Jupiters composition and underlying structure, the wikipedia article on the Juno spacecraft provides an a great overview of this type of process. Though he did not have instant communications as we do now, he was able to determine the angle of the suns rays in Alexandria at the same time, which was about 7.2 degrees. [6] It is an idealized surface, and the Earth measurements used to calculate it have an uncertainty of 2m in both the equatorial and polar dimensions. The radius of the earth is 6371 km. Karren Doll Tolliver holds a Bachelor of English from Mississippi University for Women and a CELTA teaching certificate from Akcent Language School in Prague. Where R is the radius of the Earth. The structure of the Earths upper mantle can be derived from seismic waves. How far (in meter) does it travel in the first 3 seconds? Sun: radius = 696,000 kilometers, > 100 occasions bigger. which is different from the precise result by under 1m (4105in) the mean of these two axes. Measured around the Equator, it is 40,075.017 km (24,901.461 mi). The Earth. Have your partner do the same in her location. Tack one end of a piece of string to the top of the stick. This requires an elliptic integral to find, given the polar and equatorial radii: The rectifying radius is equivalent to the meridional mean, which is defined as the average value of M:[14]. Additionally, the radius can be estimated from the curvature of the Earth at a point. 2a : the bone on the thumb side of the human forearm also : a corresponding part of vertebrates above fishes. Regardless of the model, any radius falls between the polar minimum of about 6,357km and the equatorial maximum of about 6,378km (3,950 to 3,963mi). x The current best estimate for the mass of the Earth is M = 5.97221024 kg, with a standard uncertainty of 61020 kg (relative uncertainty 104). 6,371 kmEarth / RadiusAccording to data taken by 183 high-school classes participating in a World Year of Physics project, "Measure the Earth with Shadows", the radius of Earth is 6563 km, compared to the accepted value for the mean radius of 6371 km. Lunar night time is also about two weeks long, during which the moon's temperature plummets to -208 degrees F (-130 C, 140 K) according to NASA. , The first, titled Arturo Xuncax, is set in an Indian village in Guatemala. Its measured round the Equator and round the rods that provide different values. We must convert the radius into centimeters: R Moon = 1738 km X (1000m / km) X (100cm / m) = 1.738 X 10 8 cm. The planet's rotation causes it to bulge at the equator. Using the mathematical formula for calculating the volume of a sphere, it has been estimated that the volume of Earth is roughly 259 billion cubic miles. E The radius of Earth at the equator is 3,963 miles (6,378 kilometers), according to NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland. He noticed that the difference in the angle of a shadow in his location at Syene, which is present-day Aswan in Egypt, and that of a shadow in Alexandria was about 7.2 degrees. Of course, no one is claiming the size of Earth has actually changed. where e2 = a2 b2/a2 and A is the surface area of the spheroid. Note that this arc is along a great circle. where. After many, many years, you will have some intuition for the physics you studied. The radius of Earth is 6370000 m. Express this measurement in km in scientific notation with the correct number of significant digits. Video advice: How We Calculated the Radius of Earth. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. ] The value for the equatorial radius is defined to the nearest 0.1m in WGS-84. According to data taken by 183 high-school classes participating in a World Year of Physics project, "Measure the Earth with Shadows", the radius of Earth is 6563 km, compared to the accepted value for the mean radius of 6371 km. The formula for the volume of a sphere is V = 4/3 r. Earths Equatorial Radius to Meter Conversion Table, How to Convert Earths Equatorial Radius to Meter, Convert Earths Equatorial Radius to Other Length Units. Now we know 1km=1000m 5. Derivation means the action of obtaining something from a source or origin. p PDF PHYSICS 111 HOMEWORK SOLUTION #13 - New Jersey Institute of Technology In late August of 2003, Mars was at its closest point to Earth in about 60,000 years! Around 100BC, Posidonius of Apamea recomputed Earth's radius, and found it to be close to that by Eratosthenes,[23] but later Strabo incorrectly attributed him a value about 3/4 of the actual size. Testing, Testing: Space-Bound US-European Water Mission Passes Finals. But opting out of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience. He also shares personal stories and insights from his own journey as a scientist and researcher. Likewise for surface area, either based on a map projection or a geodesic polygon. also corresponds to the radius of (global) mean curvature, obtained by averaging the Gaussian curvature, {\displaystyle e} All Right Reserved. ( Earth's diameter is simply twice Earth's radius; for example, equatorial diameter (2a) and polar diameter (2b). . Radio Line of Sight Distance Calculator Electrical, RF and Asked By: Lena Frontelo | Last Updated: 18th May, 2020, Earth is the third planet from the sun. Place the loose end of the string at the end of the cast shadow and hold it taut. How do you find the radius of the Earth using trigonometry? Example 2. The model is rotated in a wind tunnel at a rotational speed of 500 rev/minrev/min. How do you find the acceleration of a system? When it is measured around the equator, it is40,075 km (approximately, 24,901 miles), whereas, if it measured from the north pole to the south pole it is40,008 km (approximately, 24,860 miles). How to Calculate the Force of Gravity on the Earth's Surface - dummies You have to use the distance from the center of the Earth, not the distance above Earth's surface, as the radius. It is 6356.752 km (3949.903 mi) at the poles and 6371.001 km (3958.756 mi) on average. [27] However, the 1492 enactment of that voyage brought his fleet to the Americas. Earth, as we know now, is an oblate spheroid, as shown in the above figure. 2 degrees. Answer: Starter The radius of the moon is 1,737,000 meters. Earth's rocky mantle and metallic core make it the densest planet, at 5.513 grams per cubic centimeter. Where K is the Gaussian curvature, Here x is the circumference of the earth. It is a common misconception that Terra is the internationally-recognized scientific name of the planet, but in reality Earth does not have an official international name. The circumference of the world may be the distance measured around it. What is the biggest problem with wind turbines? For a perfect sphere without any mountains, the distance d from a transmitting antenna to the horizon or the line of sight, or radio horizon, can be calculated from the Pythagorean theorem (see the picture above):. This equation for acceleration can , Dry ice is the name for carbon dioxide in its solid state. Explanation: The Earth's radius (r) is 6371 km or 3959 miles, based on numbers from Wikipedia, which gives a circumference (c) of c = 2 * * r = 40 030 km We wish to find the height (h) which is the drop in curvature over the distance (d) Using the circumference we find that 1 kilometer has the angle 360 / 40 030 km = 0.009. Its better to have a reference ellipsoid that is constant over time than it is to have an ever improving best fit ellipsoid. Using the following data: the volume of a sphere = (4/3) (pi)R 3 Radius of the earth= 6.3106 m. Mass of earth= 5.9742 10 24 kilograms. det At the equator, the radius of Earth is 3963 miles (Diameter = 7926 miles). Physics, 22. Earths Equatorial Radius to Meter Conversion TableEarths Equatorial RadiusMeter (m)0. This measurement also introduces another fun source of error that actually comes from the motion of Earth and other similar planetary bodies in the solar system. The physical radius, the distance from the center of the earth to the ellipsoid is the least used. , and because Now we know 2 things- 1. 1 {\displaystyle {\frac {\partial r}{\partial \varphi }}} For integration limits of [0,/2], the integrals for rectifying radius and mean radius evaluate to the same result, which, for Earth, amounts to 6,367.4491km (3,956.5494mi).

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