The 101st Airborne Division (Air Assault) retained its Pathfinders after the Vietnam War, and in 2005 expanded its existing company and added a second company, giving one to each of its two combat aviation brigades. Various US airborne and special operations forces from MACV-SOG to Force Recon Marines conducted multiple combat parachute jumps during the Vietnam War. Specialized soldier who prepares sites for airborne operations, For specialized bomber guidance used during World War II, see. The United States Armys Pathfinders were first organized in World War II. Photo courtesy of theNational Pathfinder Association/Facebook. Captain (later Lt. According toGordon Rottman, an Army Special Forces veteran of the 5th Special Forces Group and author of the book seriesVietnam: Airborne,the MIKE Forces in Vietnam conducted more combat jumps than any other organization in Vietnam. The US Army's 11th Aviation Group landed in the country in August 1965, and while assigned to the 1st Cavalry Division (Airmobile) expanded its Pathfinder unit to company size, creating the provisional 11th Pathfinder Company. Vietnam War Airborne Patch, Combat Infantry Badge, Wall-E Patches & Pins . The team departed LZ Uplift at 2000 hours. In the United States Marine Corps, pathfinder missions are conducted by the Force Reconnaissance platoons by inserting in the battlefield and placing signal panels or illuminating flashers, eventually being replaced by remote sensors and beacons during the Vietnam War. Once the main force has landed, the platoon provides tactical intelligence for the brigade.[21]. The original U.S. Pathfinder patch was designed in May 1944 by CorporalWilliam Prescott of the 2nd Bn 505th PIR. [12] Instead, some set up beacons on the Allied side of the river, and others dropped with the main paratrooper force to set up smoke and panels as a final navigational aid.[12]. Eddie Rickenbacker, the ace of aces, may have broken the record for aerial victories in World War I, but that was hardly the most remarkable part of his extraordinary life. Aerial rocket artillery (ARA) and tube artillery were on call. However, it was clear that the existing command structure for the pathfinders was not responsive to its increasing mission needs. The decision was then made to terminate the mission and extract the team. They operated with the support of Indigenous troops, such as theMontagnardsand Chinese Nungs. The US Marine Corps first recorded combat jump during the Vietnam War occurred on the night of June 13, 1966. This element was known as MIKE Force and could respond and reinforce friendly bases under the threat of being overrun. "When not out fighting with the line companies, we would go to a rear area to shower and rest." Following the Carolina test, the 187th Pathfinder Detachment returned to Infantry Center control and a fourth team within the 11th Pathfinder Company was organized to replace it. At 2055 hours the first assault helicopters landed. The task force was conducting Operation Byrd in the Phan Thiet area under direct control of I Field Force Vietnam. Yellow and Black represent the colors of the 1st Cavalry Division (Airmobile). Gillem commanded the 11th Pathfinder Company, soldiers trained to infiltrate areas by any means and establish landing zones and airfields. Sammy Hernandez, twoSpecial Commando Unit soldiers, and one South Vietnamese officer. There also was an increase in Army National Guard and Army Reserve Pathfinder detachments and platoons during the 1970s and early 1980s. Pathfinders were separate teams of "advance men" who jumped in ahead of main forces to set up beacons and other guides to incoming aircraft. The jumpers were all seated in the left door of the helicopter and exited the aircraft on a pre-determined time count after turning onto the drop heading from the final aerial checkpoint. . No enemy personnel were spotted, but it was obvious that the objective area was occupied and unsuitable for the close insertion of long-range patrols. The CIDG company began landing at 1018 hours in four-ship increments. US Force Recon Marines conducted a total ofthree combat jumpsin the Vietnam War. The Legend of Zelda Dark Links Hylian Shield Keychain Keyring Pendant Black, b9137 US Army Vietnam 11th Pathfinder Airborne Detachment IR37F. Four jumps were conducted during daylight hours, and sniper fire was encountered on two of them. [36][37], In July 2020 the Army announced that it was considering terminating its Pathfinder course at Fort Benning, Georgia, by the end of the Fiscal Year 2021, and it later decided to do so. 2017NPA Copyright All Rights Reserved All Photos and text property of NPA and it's members. The mission was received at 1200 hours and executed at 2000 hours on the same day. Weather: clear, 18-20 knots wind from the NE; drop aircraft: UH-1D; drop speed: 50 knots; jump altitude: 500 feet; parachutes: T-10s with reserves. Brazil has a company of pathfinders (Companhia de Precursores Pra-quedista) as part of the Parachute Infantry Brigade. This was done to give these officers training as jumpmasters for future operations. The bronze star on the parachute wings represents the combat parachute jumps made by unit members in Vietnam. The primary reasons for infiltrating the pathfinders were tactical surprise and the need to clear and prepare the LZs for the assault helicopters. The first indicator was a crowing rooster, followed soon after by a reveille-like bugle call. The oval incorporates the colors of the cloth pathfinder badge worn at that time. 11TH PATHFINDER COMPANY COMBAT PARACHUTE OPERATIONS IN SOUTH VIETNAM The 11th Pathfinder Company (Airborne/Provisional) of the 1st Cavalry Division (Airmobile) conducted 12 combat parachute jumps during the Vietnam War. The pathfinder role in the Territorial Army (TA), the British Army's part-time reserve, was continued by 16 (Lincoln) Independent Parachute Company[8] as part of 44th Parachute Brigade (V). Pathfinders exist in a number of armed forces around the world. Assembly on the ground was delayed and reconnaissance limited because of the enemy fire, but each pathfinder moved as quickly as possible to their preplanned positions on the LZ. During the testing of the Air Assault concept from 1963-65, the 11th Air Assault Divisions pathfinders developed a high degree of proficiency in night parachute infiltrations of small teams and the conduct of night airmobile operations. Immediately upon landing they quickly assembled, conducted a hasty recon of the landing zone using a starlight scope, and established communications with the inbound flight leader and the infantry battalion commander. Its earned. Presently, there are nine subordinate units: 71st Avn Co (Aslt Hel), Peden Bks, Wertheim 73rd MI Co (Aerial Survl), Hanau Additionally, the positive guidance and control provided by the pathfinders greatly enhanced aviation safely during challenging operations. However, aerial sensors had indicated significant enemy activity southeast of Pleiku in the mountain chain south of the Mang Yang Pass. 1LT Ronald B. Flynn, SGT Barry J. Crites, SGT Richard C. Cunningham, CPL Roger C. Moak, PFC David K. Flick, and PFC Ronald C. Lunde. A second pertains to the nicknames of Natty Bumpo and BlackHats given to the pathfinders by Colonel (later Lt. General) George P. Seneff, commander of the 11th Aviation Group (Test) the parent unit of the pathfinders. The DZ was located on a sandy spit between the lake and the South China Sea and consisted of rolling sand dunes and scattered brush. The drop aircraft (with no running lights on) flew at 800 feet and visually maintained its position directly under the higher aircraft. Black is for Night Operations. The pathfinders would be extracted from the area by the aircraft used to insert the patrol. Please submit your comments, concerns, or questions to our site webmaster. Some paratroopers were dropped more than 60 miles from their assigned drop zones. 1st Class Cliff Newman (left) and Sgt. Concurrently in the 101st Airborne Division (Air Assault), the 101st Aviation Brigade (Attack) and the 159th Aviation Brigade (Assault) were reorganized to be identical combat aviation brigades, and the division's former LRSD was transferred from the 311th Military Intelligence Battalion to the 159th CAB to become a second pathfinder company within the division. These four units jumped more than most. This initial division organization did not include a pathfinder element, and early field training exercises involving helicopters and ground units did not run smoothly. There was no apparent ground fire during the pickup. Our group welcomes family, friends, former and current military, and the public at large. Are you looking for a family member, an old Army buddy, wish to share any of your old photos or records, or even observe information that needs correcting? [40] The Sabalauski Air Assault School at Fort Campbell, Kentucky, under the 101st Airborne Division (Air Assault), continues to operate its own Pathfinder course.[41]. After Basic Training, Infantry Training, Army Airborne School, and Pathfinder School, Bob was assigned to the 11th Pathfinder Co, and became part of the newly formed 1st Cavalry Division Airmobile. [13] A combination of the drop taking place in broad daylight and that the Germans were not expecting an airborne attack allowed the pathfinders to land on target and guide in the rest of the paratroopers to the proper locations. Later in the war, Pathfinders were employed to lead the way for the jump at Munsan-Ni. [3] The company did not see any further action in the war. Veterans History Project Service Summary: War or Conflict: Vietnam War, 1961-1975 Branch of Service: Army Unit of Service: 11th Pathfinder Company; 1st Cavalry Division Location of Service: Fort Benning, Georgia; Fort Bragg, North Carolina; Germany; Vietnam; Washington DC; Korea; Fort Monroe, Virginia Highest Rank: Colonel View full service history The Netherlands have a pathfinders platoon which was founded in 2007. Todays U.S. Army Pathfinders trace their illustrious history and legacy back to the beginning of World War II. PFC Larry D. Price 11th Pathfinder Company 11th Air Assault Division (Test) Died 18 May, 1965 Parachute training accident. The base was located along Route 534, approximately twenty miles northwest of Tam Ky. It was then attached to the 6th Airborne Division serving in Mandate Palestine where it was still serving in September 1946, when it was disbanded. The World War II pathfinder units were assigned at the infantry regiment level, not division level, and the division itself was inactivated in late 1945. With the UH-1D on long final for pickup, he reported the visual contact and requested fire support. The platoon operates in teams of 6 men. Colonel) Frank Lillyman, leader of the 101st Pathfinders, was among the first Americans to land in France at 0015 hours on 6 June. He had previously served with the 11th Pathfinder Company. [9] Once the main body jumped, the pathfinders then joined their original units and fought as standard airborne infantry. (ret.) [5] The Company deployed on a wide variety of operations between 1948 and 1977. The bigger the LZ to recon, clear and setup, the more men required to do the job quickly and outpost the area. VS-17 colored panels and smoke grenade were included in all day operations, and machetes were the main tool for clearing LZs. The pathfinder team consisted of 1LT Charles B. Fitt, SGT Barry J. Crites, PFC Ronald L. Lunde, PFC John Gillaspie, PFC William F. Lannigan, and PFC Hector V. Lozoya. The activities of the Pathfinder Platoon, HHC, 160th Aviation Group, 101st Airborne Division in Vietnam are covered in the book "Pathfinder: First In, Last Out" by the late Richard R. Burns, a veteran of the unit. During the Battle of the Bulge in December 1944, the 101st Airborne Division, along with elements of numerous other units, was trucked to the Belgian town of Bastogne in order to secure and defend the town which contained a major road junction. Early combat operations of the 1st Air Cav showed a clear need for a Pathfinder capability in combat aviation units. Infiltrate by parachute a six-man pathfinder element into LZ Hanover (BR 426613), a non-secure area, about 12 miles north of An Khe, conduct a hasty ground reconnaissance, provide limited security, and establish a helicopter LZ for assault elements of the 1st Battalion, 8th Cavalry that would land 15 minutes later and conduct operations to locate and destroy the enemy force. Save up to $4,649 on one of 7,134 used 2011 Nissan Pathfinders near you. The DZ had been selected during previous aerial reconnaissance. Electrocuted. | His subsequent duty assignments include: Detachment Commander, 11th Pathfinder Company, 11th Air Assault Division, Dominican Republic; Detachment Commander, 11th Pathfinder Company, 1st Cavalry They then took part in Operation Slapstick, part of the Allied invasion of Italy, landing by sea at Taranto on 9 September. Vietnamese machine embroidered. The 101st employed their Pathfinders in a similar manner as the 1st Air Cav until the division returned to the U.S. in 1972. The winged torch insignia was inspired by the New York Athletic Clubs logo which Prescotts father had helped design. The 101st Airborne Division deployed to Vietnam in late 1967 to join its 1st Brigade that arrived in 1965. The 1st Cavalry Division Association is a non-political, non-sectarian, non-profit, soldiers and veterans fraternal organization that has over 28,600 active members. The Officer Commanding Pathfinder Platoon is a senior Captain or Major. However, this was not their fault, as the mountainous terrain surrounding the area deflected the radar signals and caused the pilots to become disoriented.[12]. The company completed the landing and assembled without enemy contact on the LZ, and the pathfinder team was extracted at 2115 hours. The U.S. Air Force Special Tactics Squadrons perform pathfinder-type roles. The first is the United States Army Pathfinder School, at Fort Benning, Georgia,[26] which serves as the Army proponent agency for Pathfinder operations and oversees the standardization of Army Pathfinder doctrine. Pathfinders determined the most practical landing zones, withdrawal routes, approach lanes, and landing sites for helicopter assaults, in hostile areas. Once on the ground, the team would conduct reconnaissance of the immediate vicinity, set up a limited security perimeter, and establish a helicopter landing zone for assault forces from the 1st Battalion, 8th Cavalry. When the 101st Airborne Division stood down in Vietnam in early 1972, soldiers with time remaining on their tours, to include pathfinders, were reassigned to other units, such as the 3d Brigade, 1st Cavalry Division (Separate), and the division flag returned to Fort Campbell. [General James] Gavin likes to claim credit for "inventing" Pathfinders, pointing to bad drops in Sicily as the cause. The flight continued beyond the objective area to give the appearance of a routine transit of the area, and returned to Pleiku by a different route. The pathfinder team consisted of Captain Benjamin C. Buckley, 1LT Luther L. Sanders, 1LT Ivan D. Dunnitt, SGT Benjamin Villareal, CPL Frank D. Holder, and PFC William Krehnbrink. Shortly thereafter, these teams performed flawlessly in the highly successful night airborne reinforcement of the Salerno beachhead on the mainland of Italy on 13 and 14 September 1943. Following the combat successes of the first two Army helicopter companies deployed to Vietnam in late 1961, the Army was directed to re-examine the role of Army aviation and aircraft requirements. As the team carefully reconnoitered the area during the morning they encountered several previously used campsites, shelters, bunkers, and a camouflaged two-meter wide high-speed trail with numerous fresh footprints. Additionally, the 10th Infantry Division (Mountain) and the 25th Infantry Division (Light) formed Pathfinder companies that conducted combat operations in Iraq and Afghanistan. Composite by Coffee or Die Magazine. Perry recalls: "Everyone knew through hard experience that the Air Corps needed help to drop us on the correct drop zone. He was KIA. In the summer of 2016 the provisional pathfinder company in the 25th Infantry Division was inactivated, followed by the inactivation of the company in the 101st Airborne Division (above), and the provisional company in the 10th Mountain Division by October 2016. The 11th Airborne Division was sent to Japan in 1945 for occupation duty at the end of the war, but it was not until 1947 that Pathfinders of the 11th Airborne Division were formally activated. At least two AN/PRC-25 radios with extra batteries were a given in all situations. Todays Pathfinder units (The Blackhats) continue to build upon the outstanding legacy of their predecessors. However, the parachutes could not be recovered from the trees in the dark. The Army also activated pathfinder units in both the Army Reserve and the National Guard. Wikimedia Commons photo. As the scope and tempo of training and testing increased in 1963, three unique features came to be associated with the pathfinders. Drowned. On two operations the teams contained two officers in addition to the team leader. The latin motto translates "Establish the Standard". They also were employed in operations of the 11th Airborne Division in the Pacific Theater and later during the Korean War. An Army News Service article dated 10 September 2014 noted the activation of a new company within the 1st Battalion, 509th Infantry Regiment at Fort Polk, Louisiana. This was followed by the 27th Infantry Platoon in Grand Prairie, TX, which had no prior history, and the 5th Infantry Platoon, which carried the lineage of a former Regular Army pathfinder unit that had been assigned to Fort Rucker, AL, from 1963 to 1975, when it was expanded and reflagged as Company C (Pathfinder), 509th Infantry. The flight route to the drop point was flown with the team and static safety aboard. In a history of the 509th PIB's wartime actions titled "Stand in the Door! Sgt. This would then allow the ground element to cross the bridges in a rapid manoeuvre. The 11th Pathfinder Company (Provisional) was the first and largest Pathfinder unit to serve in Vietnam, and a 1st Air Cav Pathfinder team was among the last Army units to leave Vietnam in 1972. Thus began a unique military organization that contributed significantly in peace and war to the development of the Armys Airmobile concept and its unmatched effectiveness in combat. [39] The website for the ARNG Warrior Training Center, also based at Fort Benning, showed no class dates past the end of FY 2021. Each Pathfinder team was assigned to a specific aircrew. [12] There were pathfinder trained personnel already in Bastogne, but they were unable to perform the pathfinder duty without the equipment that was parachuted in with the pathfinders. Since the Netherlands did not have a pathfinders unit before that, they were founded on the Belgian model where they receive their pathfinder courses in Schaffen. This is the uniform worn by Col. [2], Post war the Regular Army's parachute force was reduced to the 16th Parachute Brigade. [12] Their objective was to set beacons to guide in planes to resupply the surrounded 4th Infantry Division, and they succeeded; this allowed the division to fight off the Germans surrounding them. Unless it was necessary to jump from that altitude to achieve required landing accuracy, 800-900 feet should be the minimum jump altitude for future operations. The 101st Airborne Division deployed to Vietnam in late 1967 to join its 1st Brigade that arrived in 1965. The 509th PIB also attempted to employ their Pathfinders during a night drop east of Avellino, but high winds interfered with navigation of the Pathfinder aircraft, and terrain limited beacon effectiveness. [1] The 22nd Independent Parachute Company was raised in May 1943 and was part of the 6th Airborne Division, under the command of Major General Richard "Windy" Gale. DIV. Pathfinders in the U.S. Army wear the Pathfinder Badge. Operating in covert intelligence gathering operations, direct action, and counter-guerrilla warfare. On 1 July 1975 the unit was reorganized and re-flagged as Company C (Pathfinder), 509th Infantry, and it retained this designation until 1 June 1993 when it was re-flagged as Company A (Pathfinder), 511th Infantry. The VC frequently came to the village of Long Dinh at the mouth of the Soui Ca Valley to buy food. They proudly wear the Pathfinder Torch and still live by the official Pathfinder motto: SEMPER PRIMUS (Always First). 3 January 1968: Sergeant John Brimm, 229th Pathfinder Detachment, 11th Pathfinder Company, 1st Cavalry Division was KIA on LZ Leslie, Quang Nam Province, South Vietnam. The 509th's Scout Company was the first specialized Pathfinder group. Also formed up were two provisional pathfinder units not documented on the parent units MTOE. It was the night of Nov. 28, 1970. Airborne and pathfinder forces did not see combat again until June 6, 1944, at the commencement of the D-Day landings of Operation Overlord. After the Vietnam War, Pathfinders were in all major airborne units and various combat aviation battalions and groups, notably the 11th Aviation Group, by then stationed in Germany. Most of them were members of the5th Special Forces Groupoperating out of the units headquarters in Nha Trang. The Green Berets were tasked with reinforcingCamp Bunard, a forward operating base in territory more or less controlled by the Viet Cong. However the Special Forces (Airborne) units are mainly assigned such tasks as they are specialist in pathfinder operations using HALO/HAHO. CO of the Group is Col Francis J. Toner. The unit converted to the airborne role in 1944 and became the pathfinder unit of the 2nd Indian Airborne Division and renamed "44th Divisional Reconnaissance Squadron (GGBG)". [12], The same night, the newly formed pathfinder detachment from the 509th PIB saw their first action in that capacity at Avellino, Italy. In some cases, the LZs were secured, cleared and marked in as little as 10 minutes before the helicopter assault. 2017NPA Copyright All Rights Reserved All Photos and text property of NPA and it's members. Gold is symbolic of Light the Way and reflects guidance provided to aircraft. The earliest pathfinder patch was sewn on the left uniform sleeve with a downward angle and proudly worn by both aircrews and Pathfinders. The 11th Pathfinder Company (Provisional) was the first and largest Pathfinder unit to serve in Vietnam, and a 1st Air Cav Pathfinder team was among the last Army units to leave Vietnam in 1972. The MACV-SOG team worked quickly to get out of their harnesses, stash their parachutes, and turn on their homing beacons to regroup. The U.S. Army operates three Pathfinder schools. Immediate action was taken to fix the shortcoming. However, in todays airmobile operations Pathfinders control both landing zones (LZ) and pick-up zones (PZ), which means Pathfinders are always the last ones out during a combat extraction. It is on display at the National Infantry Museum at Fort Benning, GA. Can our experts tell me more about this particular Army blouse- model type, fabrication, . About an hour later, the pathfinder team extracted by helicopter and returned to An Khe base camp. We were attached to them. The 1st Cavalry Division (Airmobile), which had deployed to Southeast Asia in September 1965, departed South Vietnam in April 1971. They quickly setup a four-ship LZ using a lighted T for the lead aircraft and single lights for the landing point for each of the other aircraft. This designation only lasted until 31 October 1995 when the Pathfinder presence at Fort Rucker came to an end due to budget cuts that also ended the post's Air Assault School. At 2038 hours the landing lights were turned on and the first aircraft landed at 2040 hours. Due to the previous experience at DZ Moon, and the small DZs used, the drop altitude for these jumps varied from 500 to 600 feet. As the airmobile concept was being developed before the Vietnam War, starting about 1960 there was a pathfinder presence at Fort Rucker, Alabama, initially designated as the Pathfinder Team, Company A, 2d Battle Group, 31st Infantry, later re-flagged as the 5th Battle Group, 31st Infantry on 1 July 1963. The Combat Infantry Badge and parachute wings with unique background oval are emblematic of our capabilities and service in Vietnam as combat airborne infantryman. We jumped from C-123 aircraft at 700 feet AGL (Above the Ground Level), Whitting wrote. New Soviet green inner pilot helmet GSH-6 size 58-60 cm original Russian USSR, Details about IUNIO Camping Axe Multi-Tool Hatchet Survival Kit Folding Portable Tactical T.. $1 BRASS SLOT TOKEN COIN . [2], During the Allied invasion of Sicily (codenamed 'Operation Husky') the 21st Independent Parachute Company parachuted ahead of the main force during Operation Fustian to capture the Primosole Bridge on the night of 13/14 July 1943. In the Pacific theater, the 11th Airborne Division also employed Pathfinders in two successful operations on Luzon in the Philippine Islands in early 1945. [10] The next major airborne operation took place in the invasion of Sicily in July 1943. Attack on LZ Leslie - January 3, 1968. Five of these were led by 1LT Ronald B. Flynn, whose pathfinder team was attached to Task Force 2-7, consisting of the 2nd Battalion, 7th Cavalry with attached supporting elements. There was a much lesser demand for pathfinders and airborne forces in general in the jungles and islands of the Pacific. [12], Operation Market Garden, the brainchild of British Field Marshal Sir Bernard Montgomery, commander of the 21st Army Group, which took place on September 17, 1944, was the next major airborne operation into the Netherlands, the largest to date. The size of the pathfinder elements in these combat jumps varied from three-man to eight-man teams. Blue portrays direct combat support for Infantry and Aviation. The drop was again widely scattered. The units were formed into two companies to work with the two British airborne divisions created during the war, the 1st and 6th. Veterans of the 11th Pathfinder Company collaborated on the design of a unit logo to illustrate the units origin and history. [12], The only major airborne operation into Germany came on March 24, 1945, in the form of Operation Varsity, the crossing of the Rhine River by American, British and Canadian paratroopers. Are you looking for a family member, an old Army buddy, wish to share any of your old photos or records, or even observe information that needs correcting? [10] As had been the problem with previous night drops, such as Normandy, the pathfinders were misdropped when the planes carrying them got lost. The village of An Hoa was located near the DZ. The organizational structure of the 187th Airborne Regimental Combat Team included a Pathfinder Team; however, when the 187th conducted a parachute assault in October 1950 near the villages of Sukchon and Sunchon in North Korea, the commander, Brig. A similar mission was carried out by the pathfinders of the 506th PIR at Prm, Germany, on February 13, 1945. In 1975, C Company (Pathfinder), 509th Infantry was activated as a separate company at the Army Aviation Center, Fort Rucker, Alabama, to provide training support to Aviation School. However, the Defense Department was convinced that the Army had no clear sense of direction on how to maximize the capabilities of these aircraft. Before and after his presidency were some of the greatest contributions Jimmy Carter made to the world we know today. A static jumpmaster was used in the aircraft to permit the jumpmaster to concentrate on in route navigation. It would accommodate a single UH-1D if a few trees could be cut, but they also found unoccupied bunkers at each corner of the LZ. Following the 1982 Falklands War, 5 Airborne Brigade was established as a light, rapid reaction force for similar requirements. The one exception to the normal employment of pathfinders occurred on 6 March 1967. The Green Berets operated behind enemy lines for five days and collected enough intelligence to chalk it up as a successful mission. Pathfinders were also established in the 11th Airborne Division, at that time on occupation duty in Japan. With fragments of practical knowledge from the British Airborne, company commander Captain Howland and his XO 1st Lt. Fred E. Perry worked hard to develop usable techniques.

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