spectrum of illness the range of manifestations a disease process can take (e.g., from asymptomatic to mild clinical illness to severe illness and death). variable, independent an exposure, risk factor, or other characteristic being observed or measured that is hypothesized to influence an event or manifestation (the dependent variable). (-0001). rates of hiv aids. sentences. Often referred to as a skewed distribution; the mean, median, and mode of an asymmetrical distribution are not the same. transmission, airborne transfer of an agent suspended in the air, considered a type of indirect transmission. The normal range is between 120 and 160 beats per minute. scale, ratio a measurement scale consisting of quantitative categories whose values are intervals with a true zero point (e.g., height in centimeters or duration of illness). surveillance, medical monitoring of a person who might have been exposed to an infectious, chemical, radiologic, or other potentially causal agent, for the purpose of detecting early symptoms. false-negative a negative test result for a person who actually has the condition similarly, a person who has the disease (perhaps mild or variant) but who does not fit the case definition, or a patient or outbreak not detected by a surveillance system. Mesoendemic An endemic disease with a moderate rate of infection. Math is a way of determining the relationships between numbers, shapes, and . mortality rate, crude a mortality rate from all causes of death for an entire population, without adjustment. The literature provides no clear guidance on how best to prevent pin-site infection following orthopaedic surgery, Relationship between hydrocephalus etiology and ventriculoperitoneal shunt infection in children and review of literature, Another HCV infection after HCV cure most frequent in high risk takers, Prevalence of Linguatula Serrata Infection in Domestic Ruminants in West Part of Iran: Risk Factors and Public Health Implications, Surgical site infections: incidence, bacteriological profiles and risk factors in a tertiary care teaching hospital, western India, THE EFFECT OF REUSABLE VERSUS DISPOSABLE SURGICAL DRAPES ON IMPLANTABLE CARDIAC ELECTRONIC DEVICE INFECTIONS, Sterile or non-sterile gloves for minor skin excisions? study, cross-sectional a study in which a sample of persons from a population are enrolled and their exposures and health outcomes are measured simultaneously; a survey. rate ratio a measure of association that quantifies the relation between an exposure and a health outcome from an epidemiologic study, calculated as the ratio of incidence rates or mortality rates of two groups. In epidemiology, the data are usually summaries of the frequency of occurrence of an event or characteristic occurring among different groups. age-adjusted mortality rate see mortality rate, age-adjusted. epidemiology, analytic the aspect of epidemiology concerned with why and how a health problem occurs. Cohort studies can be either prospective or retrospective. bar chart, grouped a bar chart displaying quantities of two variables, represented by adjoining bars or columns (i.e., a group) of categories of one variable, separated by space between groups. forest plot a graph that displays the point estimates and confidence intervals of individual studies included in a meta-analysis or systematic review as a series of parallel lines. epidemiology, applied the application or practice of epidemiology to control and prevent health problems. In this study, we used a spherically symmetric compartmental ODE model to track the HIV viral dynamics in the LN and predict the contribution of ongoing replication within the LN to the whole-body proviral pool in an ARV-suppressed . The number of heartbeats per unit of time that can be detected by palpating any accessible artery. suggest new. The purpose is to examine rate of change instead of amount of change only. normal distribution a distribution represented as a bell shape, symmetrical on both sides of the peak, which is simultaneously the mean, median, and mode, and with both tails extending to infinity. Pandemic When a new disease spreads to many countries around the world. {\displaystyle \beta } Usually, one variable represents a health outcome, and one represents an exposure or personal characteristic. case-fatality rate (also called case-fatality ratio) the proportion of persons with a particular condition (e.g., patients) who die from that condition. 4. In epidemiology, particularly for an outbreak investigation, a case definition specifies clinical criteria and details of time, place, and person. 2. . Organizationally, NCHS is a component of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, one of the agencies of the US Department of Health and Human Services. I don't mean amount of alcohol consumed, but alcohol addiction/dependency. health indicator any of a variety of measures (e.g., mortality rate) that indicate the state of health of a given population. ; the effective transmission rate. standard deviation a statistical summary of how dispersed the values of a variable are around its mean, calculated as the square root of the variance. surveillance, syndromic (1) the monitoring of the frequency of illnesses with a specified set of clinical features among a given population without regard to the specific diagnoses, if any, that are assigned to them by clinicians. Dictionary, Encyclopedia and Thesaurus - The Free Dictionary. We study 5,916 people who have Escherichia urinary tract infection or Peak expiratory flow rate decreased. histogram a visual representation of the frequency distribution of a continuous variable. ; Quelle note lui donneriez-vous sur 10?. case, source the case or instance of a patient responsible for transmitting infection to others; the instance of a patient who gives rise to an outbreak or epidemic. The paper is devoted to monitoring the environmental coliform bacteria (CB) contamination (soil and water) in the environmental disaster areas in the Kazakhstan part of the Aral Sea Region and ranking districts by their level of contamination and the rate of gastrointestinal infections (GI). https://www.freethesaurus.com/infection+rate. study, analytic a study, usually observational, in which groups are compared to identify and quantify associations, test hypotheses, and identify causes. Columns are drawn so that their bases equal the class intervals (i.e., so that columns of adjacent intervals touch), and their heights correspond to the class frequencies. Diseases of the cardiovascular system may be diagnosed . relative risk a general term for measures of association calculated from the data in a two-by-two table, including risk ratio, rate ratio, and odds ratio (see also risk ratio). crude death rate see mortality rate, crude. Search infection rate and thousands of other words in English definition and synonym dictionary from Reverso. The exposure period can be brief or can extend over days, weeks, or longer, with the exposure being either intermittent or continuous. spot map a visual display of the geographic pattern of a health problem, in which a marker is placed on a map to indicate where each affected person lives, works, or might have been exposed. Case-control and cohort studies are observational studies (see also study, experimental). In calculating postneonatal mortality rates, the numerator is the number of deaths among this age group during a given period, and the denominator is the number of live births during the same period.. hyperendemic the constant presence at high incidence and prevalence of an agent or health condition within a given geographic area or population. NHANES The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, a representative survey of the civilian, noninstitutionalized US population conducted by the National Center for Health Statistics, designed to (1) estimate the proportion of the US population and designated groups with selected disease and risk factors; (2) monitor trends in selected behaviors, exposures, and diseases; and (3) study the associations among diet, nutrition, and health. person-time rate the incidence rate calculated as the number of new cases among a population divided by the cumulative person-time of that population, usually expressed as the number of events per persons per unit of time. They help us to know which pages are the most and least popular and see how visitors move around the site. The number of maternal deaths in 1 year from puerperal causes (such as those associated with pregnancy, childbirth, and the puerperium) within 42 days after delivery divided by the number of live births in that same year. An endemic disease with a high rate of infection, especially one affecting people of all ages equally. an infecting with germs of disease, as through the medium of infected insects, air, water, or clothing. decision analysis application of quantitative methods to decision-making. Most didn't develop a fever. dependent variable see variable, dependent. These cookies may also be used for advertising purposes by these third parties. source (of infection) the person, animal, object, or substance from which an infectious agent is transmitted to a host. cause, sufficient a factor or collection of factors whose presence is always followed by the occurrence of a particular health problem. Home; infection; Synonyms for infection. Until the beginning of 2010, the worm had managed to crash 20% of Iran's functioning centrifuges for uranium enrichment, setting back the country's nuclear program with 2 years. infectivity the ability of an infectious agent to cause infection, measured as the proportion of persons exposed to an infectious agent who become infected. frequency the amount or number of occurrences of an attribute or health outcome among a population. Retinal Degeneration. We take your privacy seriously. THE PROBLEM WITH TRUMPS HERD MENTALITY LINE ISNT THE VERBAL FLUB. The key differences between two common pathogens. Thank you for taking the time to confirm your preferences. Synonyms for Infection Rates (other words and phrases for Infection Rates). statistical inference generalizations developed from sample data, usually with calculated degrees of uncertainty. measure of dispersion see measure of spread. Data Tracker Home Cases, Deaths, & Testing Case & Death Demographic Trends Vaccination Distribution & Coverage Vaccine Effectiveness & Breakthrough Surveillance Health Equity Pediatric Pregnancy People at Increased Risk Wastewater Surveillance Health Care Settings Social Impact & Prevention Variants & Genomic Surveillance Antibody Seroprevalence Post-COVID Conditions Traveler-Based Genomic . mode the most frequently occurring value in a set of observations (see also measure of central location). endemic the constant presence of an agent or health condition within a given geographic area or population; can also refer to the usual prevalence of an agent or condition. odds ratio a measure of association used in comparative studies, particularly case-control studies, that quantifies the association between an exposure and a health outcome; also called the cross-product ratio. This is usually measured at a time when the subject is completely at rest and in a fasting state. arithmetic-scale line graph see line graph, arithmetic-scale. But some types of genital HPV can cause cancer of the . contagious capable of being transmitted from one person to another by contact or close proximity. Analytic epidemiology uses comparison groups to provide baseline or expected values so that associations between exposures and outcomes can be quantified and hypotheses about the cause of the problem can be tested (see also study, analytic). sentinel surveillance see surveillance, sentinel. case-control study see study, case-control. transmission, vectorborne transmission of an agent by a living intermediary (e.g., tick, mosquito, or flea); considered a type of indirect transmission. The study is created by eHealthMe and uses data from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Common measures of central location are the mean, median, and mode also called the measure of central tendency. ( ( , , . mortality rate, age-specific a mortality rate limited to a particular age group, calculated as the number of deaths among the age group divided by the number of persons in that age group, usually expressed per 100,000. mortality rate, cause-specific the mortality rate from a specified cause, calculated as the number of deaths attributed to a specific cause during a specified time interval among a population divided by the size of the midinterval population. surveillance, sentinel a surveillance system that uses a prearranged sample of sources (e.g., physicians, hospitals, or clinics) who have agreed to report all cases of one or more notifiable diseases. census the enumeration of an entire population, usually including details on residence, age, sex, occupation, racial/ethnic group, marital status, birth history, and relationship to the head of household. Toxoplasmosis Q fever Influenza Toxocara A Word From Immediate Delivery. Usually, the cases are presumed to have a common cause or to be related to one another in some way. antibody any of a variety of proteins in the blood that are produced in response to an antigen as an immune response. The rate of occurrence of positive test results in those who do not have the attribute or disease for which they are being tested. attack rate a form of incidence that measures the proportion of persons in a population who experience an acute health event during a limited period (e.g., during an outbreak), calculated as the number of new cases of a health problem during an outbreak divided by the size of the population at the beginning of the period, usually expressed as a percentage or per 1,000 or 100,000 population (see also incidence proportion). Antibiotic resistance is one of the leading issues in modern healthcare due to the inability to treat common infections with available antibiotics. exposure having come into contact with a cause of, or possessing a characteristic that is a determinant of, a particular health problem. infection invasion of the body tissues of a host by an infectious agent, whether or not it causes disease. What is the rate of alcoholism in the USA compared to other countries in the world. population the total number of inhabitants of a geographic area or the total number of persons in a particular group (e.g., the number of persons engaged in a certain occupation). morbidity disease; any departure, subjective or objective, from a state of physiological or psychological health and well-being. Usually, the cases are presumed to have a common cause or to be related to one another in some way (see also outbreak). Prostadine can help you maintain a healthy prostate as you age. (pun intended). outcome(s) any or all of the possible results that can stem from exposure to a causal factor or from preventive or therapeutic interventions; all identified changes in health status that result from the handling of a health problem. surveillance, passive public health surveillance in which data are sent to the health agency without prompting. confounding the distortion of the association between an exposure and a health outcome by a third variable that is related to both. Standard error is computed as the standard deviation of the variable divided by the square root of the sample size. Most HPV infections don't lead to cancer. sample a selected subset of a population a sample can be random or nonrandom and representative or nonrepresentative. prevalence rate the proportion of a population that has a particular disease, injury, other health condition, or attribute at a specified point in time (point prevalence) or during a specified period (period prevalence). fomite an inanimate object that can be the vehicle for transmission of an infectious agent (e.g., bedding, towels, or surgical instruments). birth rate, crude the number of live births during a specified period divided by the mid-period population, usually expressed per 1,000 population. Synonyms for 'Rate of infection'. is the average age of infection. infection rates. Synonymsfor Infection rate 35 other terms for infection rate- words and phrases with similar meaning Lists synonyms antonyms definitions sentences thesaurus phrases suggest new cancer rates contamination level high prevalence hiv infection hiv prevalence hiv-infection rate incidence rate infection rates level of contamination level of infection chain of infection the progression of an infectious agent that leaves its reservoir or host through a portal of exit, is conveyed by a mode of transmission, and then enters through an appropriate portal of entry to infect a susceptible host. synonyms for infection Compare Synonyms bug disease epidemic flu pollution virus contagion corruption defilement germs impurity poison communicability contagiousness insanitation septicity what's going around See also synonyms for: infections antonyms for infection MOST RELEVANT sanitation sterility table, two-by-two a two-variable table with cross-tabulated data, in which each variable has only two categories. transmission, vehicleborne transmission of an agent by an inanimate object; considered a type of indirect transmission; includes foodborne and waterborne transmission. sex-specific mortality rate see mortality rate, sex-specific. Found 2 synonyms 1. infection rate 2. Many of the mechanisms of resistance have been caused by the inappropriate prescription of antibiotics to treat illnesses such as the cold or flu or the over-prescription of broad-spectrum antibiotics. Links to your sources would be appreciated. proportion, attributable a measure of the impact of a causative factor on the public health; the proportion of a health state or event among exposed persons that can be attributed to the exposure also called attributable risk percent. However, Isolation refers to separation of ill persons; quarantine refers to separation of potentially exposed but well persons. Synonyms & Similar Words Relevance virus germ disease epidemic attack contagion contagious disease contagium plague illness interquartile range a measure of spread representing the middle 50% of the observations, calculated as the difference between the third quartile (75th percentile) and the first quartile (25th percentile). Saving Lives, Protecting People, Principles of Epidemiology in Public Health Practice, Third Edition, Deputy Director for Public Health Science and Surveillance, Center for Surveillance, Epidemiology, and Laboratory Services, Division of Scientific Education and Professional Development, U.S. Department of Health & Human Services. transmission, indirect transfer of an agent from a reservoir to a host either by being suspended in air particles (airborne), carried by an inanimate objects (vehicleborne), or carried by an animate intermediary (vectorborne). hypothesis, alternative the supposition that an exposure is associated with the health condition under study. notifiable disease a disease that, by law, must be reported to public health authorities upon diagnosis. Similar words for Infection rate. Blood to which an anticoagulant has been added is placed in a long, narrow tube, and the distance the red cells fall in 1 hr is the ESR. A 2003 analysis in the Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes calculated that more than $18 billion in medical costs could have been saved by the year 2010 had the CDC invested just $383 million more in prevention programming per year from 2000 to 2005, an amount that theoretically could have cut the annual HIV, About 70 percent of the country's people are Catholic; Burundi has an HIV, Each of the 1,000 simulations at the given, Adult HIV prevalence in Swaziland is above 40 percent, and Malawi is struggling with a 14 percent, At almost 39 percent, Swaziland's adult HIV, The project was established in 2001 in response to the growing HIV, We will continue to look for ways to lower the, In an article published in the February 2003 issue of Conservation Biology, he and his team found that important Northeastern tick host species such as white-footed mice fared better when forest tracts were smaller than five acres, and that the, Using a quasi-experimental difference-in-differences approach, they examined whether states with higher exposure to the reformulated OxyContin had faster growth of HCV, Similarly, a recent comparative study suggested that chlorhexidine appeared superior to povidone-iodine, as the latter tripled the. cause, necessary a factor that must be present for a disease or other health problem to occur. mortality rate, infant the mortality rate for children aged <1 year, calculated as the number of deaths reported among this age group during a given period divided by the number of live births reported during the same period, and expressed per 1,000 live births. epidemiology, field applied epidemiology (i.e., the application or practice of epidemiology to control and prevent health problems), particularly when the epidemiologist(s) must travel to and work in the community in which the health problem is occurring or has occurred. variance a measure of the spread in a set of observations, calculated as the sum of the squares of deviations from the mean, divided by the number of observations minus 1 (see also standard deviation). study, cohort an observational analytic study in which enrollment is based on status of exposure to a certain factor or membership in a certain group. Nglish: Translation of infection for Spanish Speakers, Britannica English: Translation of infection for Arabic Speakers, Britannica.com: Encyclopedia article about infection. From Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: The speed or frequency of occurrence of an event, usually expressed with respect to time or some other known standard. epidemiology the study of the distribution and determinants of health conditions or events among populations and the application of that study to control health problems. Subscribe to America's largest dictionary and get thousands more definitions and advanced searchad free! Populations are followed, and disease, death, or other health-related outcomes are documented and compared. health information system a combination of health statistics from different sources. 3. a fixed charge per unit of quantity: a rate of 10 cents a pound. Using the term to describe the person rather than the health condition is discouraged (see also case-patient). Cookies used to make website functionality more relevant to you. infestation taint, transmission contamination infection, transmission infection taint infectivity transmission poisoning transmission exposure transmission taint contagion infection, taint invasion infection Filters antonyms. EMAILS SHOW THE MEATPACKING INDUSTRY DRAFTED AN EXECUTIVE ORDER TO KEEP PLANTS OPEN, TRAINED IMMUNITY OFFERS HOPE IN FIGHT AGAINST CORONAVIRUS, WEARING A MASK COULD PROTECT YOU FROM COVID-19 IN MORE WAYS THAN YOU THINK, EUROPE OVERTAKES U.S. AS COVID-19 HOTSPOT AS INFECTIONS SURGE, TIMES OF STRIFE CAN LEAD TO MEDICAL INNOVATIONWHEN GOVERNMENTS ARE WILLING, THE UNIVERSITY OF GEORGIAS COVID SURGE CONTINUES, WITH 1,400 CASES REPORTED THIS WEEK. central location (also called central tendency) a statistical measurement to quantify the middle or the center of a distribution. The rate of occurrence of new cases of a disease. Synonym: Noninflammatory Retina Disease. These cookies allow us to count visits and traffic sources so we can measure and improve the performance of our site. rates of prevalence. The quantity of medicine or radiation administered per unit of time. In this case, HPV infection is a viral infection that commonly causes skin or mucous membrane growths (warts). mortality rate, neonatal the mortality rate for children from age birth up to, but not including, 28 days. The rate of becoming infected ( The rate at which hair grows can be agonisingly slow. Lists. The literature provides no clear guidance on how best to prevent pin-site infection following orthopaedic surgery, Relationship between hydrocephalus etiology and ventriculoperitoneal shunt infection in children and review of literature, Prevalence of Linguatula Serrata Infection in Domestic Ruminants in West Part of Iran: Risk Factors and Public Health Implications, Surgical site infections: incidence, bacteriological profiles and risk factors in a tertiary care teaching hospital, western India, THE EFFECT OF REUSABLE VERSUS DISPOSABLE SURGICAL DRAPES ON IMPLANTABLE CARDIAC ELECTRONIC DEVICE INFECTIONS, Sterile or non-sterile gloves for minor skin excisions? Similarly, a person who does not have the disease but who nonetheless fits the case definition, or a patient or outbreak erroneously identified by a surveillance system. association the statistical relation between two or more events, characteristics, or other variables. Two common types are cohort studies and case-control studies. Data from these systems are used to learn about health status, health care, provision and use of services, and the impact of services and programs on health. is that data on the average age of infection is very easily obtainable, even if not all cases of the disease are reported. table an arrangement of data in rows and columns. record in a line listing, each row is a record or observation. demographic information personal characteristics of a person or group (e.g., age, sex, race/ethnicity, residence, and occupation) demographic information is used in descriptive epidemiology to characterize patients or populations. {\displaystyle \lambda } URI: abbreviation for upper respiratory infection. 0 votes. healthy worker effect the observation that employed persons generally have lower mortality rates than the general population, because persons with severe, disabling disease (who have higher mortality rates) tend to be excluded from the workforce. transmission, mechanical indirect transmission by a vector in which the infectious agent does not undergo physiologic changes inside the vector (see also transmission, biologic). epidemic period the time span of an outbreak or epidemic. prevalence the number or proportion of cases or events or attributes among a given population. If you need to go back and make any changes, you can always do so by going to our Privacy Policy page. trial, community an experimental study that uses data from communities. Retinopathy. arbovirus any of a group of viruses that are transmitted between hosts by mosquitoes, ticks, and other arthropods. The alternative is adopted if the null hypothesis (see also hypothesis, null) proves implausible. Passing Rate. cohort, birth a group of persons born during a particular period or year. people that rate special treatment; an idea that rates attention. In epidemiology, force of infection (denoted ) is the rate at which susceptible individuals acquire an infectious disease. frequency polygon a graph of a frequency distribution in which values of the variable are plotted on the horizontal axis, and the number of observations are plotted on the vertical axis. Quarantine refers to separation of potentially exposed but well persons; isolation refers to separation of ill persons. A. active immunity see immunity, active.. active surveillance see surveillance, active.. age-adjusted mortality rate see mortality rate, age-adjusted.. agent a factor (e.g., a microorganism or chemical substance) or form of energy whose presence, excessive presence, or in the case of deficiency diseases, relative absence is essential for the occurrence of a disease or other adverse health outcome. The y-axis, measuring frequency, uses an arithmetic scale. The number of heartbeats per unit of time, usually expressed or written as number per minute. vehicle an inanimate object that can carry an agent from a reservoir to a susceptible host (e.g., food, water, blood products, and bedding) (see also transmission, indirect). There have been at least 556,201,000 reported infections and 6,776,000 reported deaths caused by the new coronavirus . . The average age of someone with a breakthrough infection was 42, and it's notable that only one person was known to have a weakened immune system. See respiratory tract infection . Manages autoclave and cleaning instruments for Dermatology. Measures of spread used in epidemiology include the interquartile range, variance, and the standard deviation. noun an act or fact of infecting; state of being infected. 3. Determine mathematic problems.

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